一般認(rèn)為,，在氣候變化情景下,，許多珍稀瀕危植物不能適應(yīng)新的氣候,，又不能象動(dòng)物一樣遷徙而面臨滅絕。然而,，最近中科院華南植物園關(guān)于虎顏花的異地回歸成功案例表明,，人為干預(yù)可以幫助珍稀瀕危植物在氣候變化后繼續(xù)生存。
由華南植物園任海研究員和曾宋君副研究員等近7年的合作研究發(fā)現(xiàn),，極瀕危植物虎顏花（Tigridiopalma magnifica C. Chen,， 野牡丹科單種屬植物，因酷似熊掌又名“熊掌”,，自然分布于廣東陽(yáng)春附近）共有12個(gè)野外居群,，但有1個(gè)居群已在過(guò)去50年內(nèi)消失。他們通過(guò)系統(tǒng)分析虎顏花原產(chǎn)地的生境特征,，發(fā)現(xiàn)冠層郁閉度,、土壤含水量、距離小溪遠(yuǎn)近等三個(gè)生態(tài)因子與其分布緊密相關(guān),，虎顏花野外自然繁殖有障礙,。研究人員采取生物技術(shù)和生態(tài)恢復(fù)技術(shù)集成方法，于2009年1月將虎顏花的組培苗原地種植在陽(yáng)春鵝凰嶂自然保護(hù)區(qū),，同時(shí)易位種植（Translocation）到廣東省田心自然保護(hù)區(qū)（遠(yuǎn)離這個(gè)種的歷史分布區(qū)）,。經(jīng)過(guò)近3年的觀測(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn)，種植于田心自然保護(hù)區(qū)的虎顏花種群存活率在達(dá)到33%以上，長(zhǎng)勢(shì)良好且已產(chǎn)生第二代,，實(shí)現(xiàn)了該種的易位種植成功（如圖）,。
針對(duì)虎顏花的研究不僅發(fā)現(xiàn)全球變化將會(huì)導(dǎo)致植物物種的分布范圍變化,，進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致物種與生境關(guān)系的調(diào)整,，還表明通過(guò)人工幫助下的異地回歸技術(shù)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)珍稀瀕危物種遷移/定居，澄清了當(dāng)前學(xué)術(shù)界的爭(zhēng)論,，同時(shí)為國(guó)家履行全球植物保護(hù)戰(zhàn)略（GSPC）提供了范例支撐,。
該研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)期刊Oryx上。該工作得到國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目的資助,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
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Reintroduction of Tigridiopalma magnifica, a rare and Critically Endangered herb endemic to China
Hai Rena1 c1*, Songjun Zenga1*, Longna Lia1, Qianmei Zhanga1, Long Yanga1, Jun Wanga1, Zhengfeng Wanga1 and Qinfeng Guoa2
Tigridiopalma magnifica, a perennial herb and the only species in the genus Tigridiopalma (Family Melastomataceae) is rare and endemic to China where it is categorized as Critically Endangered on the national Red List. Twelve locations with populations of T. magnifica have been identified (1 extinct, 11 extant). T. magnifica only grows in the surface soil on stone walls or rocks under the canopy of secondary forests and plantations and has no specific associated plant species. Canopy closure, soil water content and the distance to the closest stream are the main factors influencing the distribution of T. magnifica. We reintroduced T. magnifica plantlets produced by tissue culture into three locations: one within the species' original range, and 11.5 and 400 km from the species' original range. After 11 months survival rate was 40–58% but survival was higher and plantlet crowns were larger at the location within the species' original range than at the other two sites. The combination of advanced propagation techniques and ecological restoration could facilitate reintroduction and conservation of T. magnifica and other rare and threatened plants. This example of the successful reintroduction of a rare, threatened herb has implications for human-assisted migration and colonization of rare plant species under future climate change scenarios.
