利用生物標(biāo)記對(duì)南極洲高緯度地區(qū)羅斯島上的阿德利企鵝群落的種群歷史所做的重建表明,企鵝種群在公元1500年和公元1800年之間的“小冰期”時(shí)期大增,。發(fā)表在本期Scientific Reports上的這些發(fā)現(xiàn)與來自南極洲其他更靠北的地區(qū)的結(jié)果有所不同,,說明氣候變化的不同反應(yīng)可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)在南極洲的低緯度地區(qū)和高緯度地區(qū)。
企鵝種群動(dòng)態(tài)會(huì)受氣候和環(huán)境因素如海面溫度,、氣溫,、積雪和食物豐富程度等的影響。以前的研究表明,,南極洲海洋地區(qū)的企鵝種群數(shù)量在氣候變得比較溫暖時(shí)增加,,在氣候變得比較寒冷時(shí)減少。在寒冷時(shí)期,,海冰的增加會(huì)阻止企鵝通過海灘進(jìn)入其聚居地,,而缺少食物也會(huì)是一個(gè)問題。
Zhou-Qing Xie及同事利用在羅斯島上的Cape Bird收集到的沉積物中的生物標(biāo)記來重建過去700年間阿德利企鵝群落中的種群變化,。他們發(fā)現(xiàn),,該地區(qū)在“小冰期”開始時(shí)從一個(gè)海豹生境變成了一個(gè)企鵝生境——當(dāng)時(shí)的夏季氣溫要比之前的200年低大約2℃,然后企鵝便成了支配性物種,。他們的重建結(jié)果表明,,企鵝種群數(shù)量在大約公元1490年和公元1670年之間達(dá)到頂峰。作者指出,,海冰范圍的擴(kuò)大能提供豐富磷蝦,,這是企鵝的一個(gè)重要食物來源。他們得出結(jié)論認(rèn)為,,南極洲不同緯度地區(qū)的企鵝種群可能會(huì)因?yàn)闅夂蜃兓l(fā)生不同變化,。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦的英文摘要
Nature doi:10.1038/srep02472
Increase in penguin populations during the Little Ice Age in the Ross Sea, Antarctica
Qi-Hou Hu,1, 3 Li-Guang Sun,1, 3 Zhou-Qing Xie,1, 3 Steven D. Emslie2 & Xiao-Dong Liu1
Penguins are an important seabird species in Antarctica and are sensitive to climate and environmental changes. Previous studies indicated that penguin populations increased when the climate became warmer and decreased when it became colder in the maritime Antarctic. Here we determined organic markers in a sediment profile collected at Cape Bird, Ross Island, high Antarctic, and reconstructed the history of Adélie penguin colonies at this location over the past 700 years. The region transformed from a seal to a penguin habitat when the Little Ice Age (LIA; 1500–1800 AD) began. Penguins then became the dominant species. Penguin populations were the highest during ca. 1490 to 1670 AD, a cold period, which is contrary to previous results in other regions much farther north. Different responses to climate change may occur at low latitudes and high latitudes in the Antarctic, even if for same species.