本期Nature Communications上發(fā)表的一篇論文報(bào)告說(shuō)，海洋保護(hù)區(qū)能迅速增加魚(yú)群數(shù)量,，而不會(huì)使?jié)O民處于不利地位,。這項(xiàng)工作有可能幫助使設(shè)立海洋保護(hù)區(qū)作為一個(gè)可行的漁業(yè)管理方案更多地被人們接受。海洋保護(hù)區(qū)是指在其中對(duì)人類活動(dòng)加以限制,、以保持或恢復(fù)自然環(huán)境及其所含生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的區(qū)域,。然而，有關(guān)海洋保護(hù)區(qū)對(duì)漁業(yè)動(dòng)態(tài)影響的文獻(xiàn)很少,，它們對(duì)漁民的好處也一直受到質(zhì)疑,。反對(duì)將海洋保護(hù)區(qū)作為一個(gè)漁業(yè)管理工具的經(jīng)濟(jì)觀點(diǎn)是，它們一開(kāi)始會(huì)減少漁獲量,，并有可能永久性地增加漁（捕魚(yú)時(shí)）需要旅行的距離。
Svan Kerwath,、Colin Attwood及其同事利用15年時(shí)間的全國(guó)性數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn),，位于南非開(kāi)普敦以東的“Goukamma海洋保護(hù)區(qū)”的設(shè)立就Chrysoblephus laticeps（當(dāng)?shù)匾环N海鯛）來(lái)說(shuō)對(duì)相鄰漁場(chǎng)是有利的,。這一區(qū)域的總漁獲量從1985年起有所下降,，但這個(gè)研究小組報(bào)告說(shuō)，魚(yú)類數(shù)量在該海洋保護(hù)區(qū)設(shè)立一年后的1991年開(kāi)始增長(zhǎng)了,。在漁獲量增長(zhǎng)的同時(shí)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)沒(méi)有證據(jù)證明該海洋保護(hù)區(qū)的設(shè)立造成總漁獲量下降、或造成船隊(duì)或漁民的旅行距離增加,。
對(duì)來(lái)自南非的取決于漁場(chǎng)的數(shù)據(jù)所做的這一分析表明,，“Goukamma海洋保護(hù)區(qū)”在實(shí)現(xiàn)漁場(chǎng)管理和保護(hù)目標(biāo)上獲得了成功,。因此作者得出結(jié)論認(rèn)為,，海洋保護(hù)區(qū)附近的漁場(chǎng)在保護(hù)政策實(shí)施之后能夠迅速恢復(fù)，并且可能不會(huì)對(duì)漁民造成負(fù)面影響,。（生物谷 Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦的英文摘要
Nature Communications doi:10.1038/ncomms3347
Marine protected area improves yield without disadvantaging fishers
Sven E. Kerwath,1, 2 Henning Winker,2 Albrecht Götz3 & Colin G. Attwood2
Potential fishery benefits of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are widely acknowledged, yet seldom demonstrated, as fishery data series that straddle MPA establishment are seldom available. Here we postulate, based on a 15-year time series of nation-wide, spatially referenced catch and effort data, that the establishment of the Goukamma MPA (18 km alongshore; 40 km2) benefited the adjacent fishery for roman (Chrysoblephus laticeps), a South African endemic seabream. Roman-directed catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) in the vicinity of the new MPA immediately increased, contradicting trends across this species’ distribution. The increase continued after 5 years, the time lag expected for larval export, effectively doubling the pre-MPA CPUE after 10 years. We find no indication that establishing the MPA caused a systematic drop in total catch or increased travel distances for the fleet. Our results provide rare empirical evidence of rapidly increasing catch rates after MPA implementation without measurable disadvantages for fishers.
