一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了童年期早期不良經(jīng)歷對(duì)人類行為和發(fā)育的持久影響,。
兒童期早期壓力,，諸如在孤兒院撫養(yǎng)的兒童受到的雜亂無章的照顧，已經(jīng)與后期生活中的精神病理學(xué)聯(lián)系在了一起,，但是這些結(jié)果的神經(jīng)生物學(xué)基礎(chǔ)仍不清楚,。
Matthew Malter Cohen及其同事研究了16名11歲或更年輕的在孤兒院撫養(yǎng)的兒童以及沒有生活在孤兒院的10名兒童的對(duì)照組。為了考慮到人類研究固有的遺傳和環(huán)境因素,，這組作者通過限制母鼠可獲得的筑巢材料從而為斷奶前的小鼠模擬了這些兒童在孤兒院接受到的貧困的養(yǎng)育,。
這組作者報(bào)告說，在生命早期接觸雜亂無章的父母照顧的小鼠出現(xiàn)了焦慮行為和杏仁核功能的出現(xiàn)早且長期持續(xù)的變化,，這對(duì)應(yīng)著孤兒院養(yǎng)育的兒童的情緒反應(yīng)的增加和杏仁核的變化,。這些變化在這些兒童面臨的壓力因素消失之后長期存在，而且在大腦的前額葉調(diào)控區(qū)域發(fā)育時(shí)沒有消失,。
這組作者說,，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)凸顯了早期生活壓力如何能夠?qū)е麓竽X回路的變化以及情緒失調(diào)，并且提示這些兒童可能會(huì)從及早的干預(yù)項(xiàng)目中獲益,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦的英文摘要
Proceedings of the National Academy of the Sciences of the United States of America doi: 10.1073/pnas.1310163110
Early-life stress has persistent effects on amygdala function and development in mice and humans
Matthew Malter Cohena,，b，1,， Deqiang Jingb,， Rui R. Yangb， Nim Tottenhama,，c,，1,，2， Francis S. Leeb,，1,，2， and B. J. Caseya,，b
Relatively little is known about neurobiological changes attributable to early-life stressors (e.g.,， orphanage rearing)， even though they have been associated with a heightened risk for later psychopathology. Human neuroimaging and animal studies provide complementary insights into the neural basis of problem behaviors following stress,， but too often are limited by dissimilar experimental designs. The current mouse study manipulates the type and timing of a stressor to parallel the early-life stress experience of orphanage rearing,， controlling for genetic and environmental confounds inherent in human studies. The results provide evidence of both early and persistent alterations in amygdala circuitry and function following early-life stress. These effects are not reversed when the stressor is removed nor diminished with the development of prefrontal regulation regions. These neural and behavioral findings are similar to our human findings in children adopted from orphanages abroad in that even following removal from the orphanage， the ability to suppress attention toward potentially threatening information in favor of goal-directed behavior was diminished relative to never-institutionalized children. Together,， these findings highlight how early-life stress can lead to altered brain circuitry and emotion dysregulation that may increase the risk for psychopathology.
