一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),，兒童時(shí)期貧窮可能對(duì)控制情緒的大腦區(qū)域產(chǎn)生持久的影響。
杏仁核在前額葉皮層（PFC）的控制下探測(cè)威脅并對(duì)其做出反應(yīng),；這些大腦區(qū)域都在大腦的對(duì)壓力的情緒響應(yīng)方面起到了關(guān)鍵作用。杏仁核與前額葉皮層（PFC）的異常活動(dòng)可能導(dǎo)致了抑郁,、焦慮、沖動(dòng)性攻擊行為以及對(duì)藥物的濫用,。Pilyoung
Kim及其同事進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)縱向fMRI研究從而檢查了兒童期家庭收入對(duì)成年大腦活動(dòng)的影響,。這組作者研究了54名青年成年人，其中半數(shù)具有低收入背景,，另外一半的參與者在他們9歲時(shí)其家庭收入高于貧窮線的2到4倍,。當(dāng)向受試者展示負(fù)面圖像并要求他們減少他們的情緒反應(yīng)的強(qiáng)度的時(shí)候，這組作者觀察到了童年生活貧窮的成年人比其他受試者具有更高的杏仁核活動(dòng)和減少了的前額葉皮層活動(dòng),，即便當(dāng)這組作者控制了成年收入因素之后也是如此,。
此外，這組作者發(fā)現(xiàn)在9歲時(shí)對(duì)兒童時(shí)期貧窮做出反應(yīng)的神經(jīng)學(xué)變化受到了9到17歲接觸長(zhǎng)期的自然和社會(huì)壓力的進(jìn)一步驅(qū)動(dòng),。這組作者說(shuō),，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)可能有助于為致力于減少健康水平不一致的干預(yù)手段提供信息。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦的英文摘要
Proceedings of the National Academy of the Sciences of the United States of America doi: 10.1073/pnas.1308240110
Effects of childhood poverty and chronic stress on emotion regulatory brain function in adulthood
Pilyoung Kima,，1,， Gary W. Evansb， Michael Angstadtc,， S. Shaun Hoc,， Chandra S. Sripadac， James E. Swainc,，d,， Israel Liberzonc， and K. Luan Phane,，f
Childhood poverty has pervasive negative physical and psychological health sequelae in adulthood. Exposure to chronic stressors may be one underlying mechanism for childhood poverty health relations by influencing emotion regulatory systems. Animal work and human cross-sectional studies both suggest that chronic stressor exposure is associated with amygdala and prefrontal cortex regions important for emotion regulation. In this longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging study of 49 participants,， we examined associations between childhood poverty at age 9 and adult neural circuitry activation during emotion regulation at age 24. To test developmental timing， concurrent,， adult income was included as a covariate. Adults with lower family income at age 9 exhibited reduced ventrolateral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity and failure to suppress amygdala activation during effortful regulation of negative emotion at age 24. In contrast to childhood income,， concurrent adult income was not associated with neural activity during emotion regulation. Furthermore， chronic stressor exposure across childhood (at age 9,， 13,， and 17) mediated the relations between family income at age 9 and ventrolateral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity at age 24. The findings demonstrate the significance of childhood chronic stress exposures in predicting neural outcomes during emotion regulation in adults who grew up in poverty.
