美國心臟病協(xié)會9月9日公布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,，目前已有5%的美國兒童成為“重度肥胖”兒童,。研究人員警告說,，“重度肥胖”是比肥胖嚴重得多的一種兒童疾病,。
研究人員當天在《循環(huán)》雜志上寫道,，盡管最新數(shù)據(jù)表明,，美國兒童肥胖率開始趨于穩(wěn)定,，但兒童“重度肥胖”問題卻呈現(xiàn)出令人擔憂的趨勢。
論文第一作者,、明尼蘇達大學(xué)的阿倫·凱利博士說,，“重度肥胖”具有嚴重的健康后果，例如容易導(dǎo)致兒童在很小的年齡就出現(xiàn)Ⅱ型糖尿病與心血管問題,，如高血壓,、高血脂以及動脈硬化的早期跡象等。
對于兒童“重度肥胖”,，目前存在多種定義,。在這項研究中，年齡大于2歲的兒童身高體重指數(shù)（BMI,，身高除以體重的平方）數(shù)值大于35,，或者在按性別年齡劃分得出的BMI百分位數(shù)曲線圖中，比95百分位的BMI數(shù)值還要高出20%,，即被定義為“重度肥胖”,。比如，平均身高的7歲女孩,，但體重卻達34千克,，或13歲男孩，體重已達73千克,，均被認定為“重度肥胖”,。
目前針對“重度肥胖”兒童的治療手段非常有限。對普通肥胖兒童有效的多數(shù)療法對“重度肥胖”兒童基本不起作用。
多數(shù)專家建議,，應(yīng)先引導(dǎo)“重度肥胖”兒童逐漸養(yǎng)成健康的生活方式,，然后才考慮藥物治療，最后必要時再進行手術(shù),，但對此應(yīng)進行更多研究,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦的英文摘要
Circulation doi: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e3182a5cfb3
Severe Obesity in Children and Adolescents： Identification， Associated Health Risks,， and Treatment Approaches
Aaron S. Kelly,； Sarah E. Barlow，,； Goutham Rao,， ； Thomas H. Inge
Severe obesity afflicts between 4% and 6% of all youth in the United States,， and the prevalence is increasing. Despite the serious immediate and long-term cardiovascular,， metabolic， and other health consequences of severe pediatric obesity,， current treatments are limited in effectiveness and lack widespread availability. Lifestyle modification/behavior-based treatment interventions in youth with severe obesity have demonstrated modest improvement in body mass index status,， but participants have generally remained severely obese and often regained weight after the conclusion of the treatment programs. The role of medical management is minimal， because only 1 medication is currently approved for the treatment of obesity in adolescents. Bariatric surgery has generally been effective in reducing body mass index and improving cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors,； however,， reports of long-term outcomes are few， many youth with severe obesity do not qualify for surgery,， and access is limited by lack of insurance coverage. To begin to address these challenges,， the purposes of this scientific statement are to (1) provide justification for and recommend a standardized definition of severe obesity in children and adolescents； (2) raise awareness of this serious and growing problem by summarizing the current literature in this area in terms of the epidemiology and trends,， associated health risks (immediate and long-term),， and challenges and shortcomings of currently available treatment options； and (3) highlight areas in need of future research. Innovative behavior-based treatment,， minimally invasive procedures,， and medications currently under development all need to be evaluated for their efficacy and safety in this group of patients with high medical and psychosocial risks.
