長期以來,,人們一直認(rèn)為,,無精、少精,、弱精是男性不育的主要原因,。浙江省醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院、浙江大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院和香港中文大學(xué)的科研人員為男性不育提供了新的解釋:他們首次在世界上發(fā)現(xiàn),,男性精子中存在著一個(gè)為精子補(bǔ)充能量的氯離子通道,,一旦這一通道受到損傷發(fā)生堵塞,精子將無法獲得足夠能量,,男性就將失去生育能力,。
最新出版的國際權(quán)威學(xué)術(shù)期刊《美國科學(xué)院院刊》刊登了我國科學(xué)家的這一最新發(fā)現(xiàn)。負(fù)責(zé)這項(xiàng)研究的浙江省醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院石其賢研究員解釋說,,受精包括一系列嚴(yán)格有序的過程,,在受精過程中,精子只有在受到一種名叫碳酸氫根的物質(zhì)的“刺激”后,,才能獲得足夠的能量,,從而使卵子受精。氯離子通道,,正是專門負(fù)責(zé)運(yùn)輸碳酸氫根的一種通道,。
然而,一旦氯離子通道發(fā)生基因突變,,就會(huì)導(dǎo)致通道損傷甚至堵塞,,從而無法將碳酸氫根運(yùn)入精子內(nèi),精子也無法獲得足夠能量完成受精過程,,由此導(dǎo)致男性不育,。
不孕不育已經(jīng)成為了一個(gè)世界性難題。據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織估計(jì),目前世界上大約有8000多萬對(duì)不育夫婦,其中男女因素大約各占一半,。除了精子數(shù)量和質(zhì)量下降等原因之外,,還有許多不明原因?qū)е履行圆挥榇?,浙江省醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院石其賢研究員帶領(lǐng)的研究組,,與香港中文大學(xué)陳小章教授合作,在國家重點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)研究計(jì)劃(973計(jì)劃)項(xiàng)目的支持下,,通過3年多的潛心攻關(guān),,終于在精子細(xì)胞中發(fā)現(xiàn)了與男性不育相關(guān)的氯離子通道。
專家表示,,這一發(fā)現(xiàn)不僅為男性不育的診斷和治療帶來福音,,而且也為開發(fā)男性避孕藥物提供了新的思路。如果能研究出氯離子通道的抑制劑,,堵塞氯離子通道,,則能實(shí)現(xiàn)男性避孕。
浙江省醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院,、香港中文大學(xué)和浙大醫(yī)學(xué)院,在全球首次證實(shí)的這個(gè)“通道”,,叫“囊性纖維化跨膜傳導(dǎo)調(diào)節(jié)因子(CFTR)”,,而且就在精子的頭部。
經(jīng)過3年研究,,發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)通道的具體作用——運(yùn)輸氯離子和碳酸氫根離子,,以便讓精子盡快“獲能”。
剛排出體外的精子并不能馬上與卵子結(jié)合,,需在女性生殖道內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)過程中,,才能獲得穿透卵子透明帶的能力,這叫“精子獲能”,。
“精子獲能”少不了氯離子和碳酸氫根離子的作用,,如果運(yùn)輸這兩種離子的通道(CFTR)堵塞,將會(huì)引起男性不育,。
“只有當(dāng)基因發(fā)生突變時(shí),,精子頭部的這個(gè)通道(CFTR)才會(huì)堵塞,進(jìn)而引發(fā)不育,,這也為一些不明原因的男性不育提供了新的解釋,。”這項(xiàng)課題的主要負(fù)責(zé)人省醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院藥物研究所生殖生理學(xué)研究員石其賢說。
發(fā)現(xiàn)精子頭部有這么重要的氯通道(CFTR),,還有一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)意義,,那就是研發(fā)男性避孕藥。
石其賢說,,世界上目前還沒有正式使用的男性避孕藥,,科學(xué)家現(xiàn)在可憑這項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn),,開發(fā)出一種藥物,能在精子的這條“通道”上設(shè)卡,,讓氯離子和碳酸氫根離子過不去,,進(jìn)而使精子無法獲能,來實(shí)現(xiàn)男性避孕,。目前,,省醫(yī)科院等單位也正在往這個(gè)研究方向努力。(生物谷援引浙江日?qǐng)?bào))〕
原始出處:
Published online before print May 22, 2007, 10.1073/pnas.0609253104
PNAS | June 5, 2007 | vol. 104 | no. 23 | 9816-9821
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES / MEDICAL SCIENCES
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator is vital to sperm fertilizing capacity and male fertility
Wen Ming Xu*, Qi Xian Shi, Wen Ying Chen*,, Chen Xi Zhou*, Ya Ni, Dewi Kenneth Rowlands*, Guo Yi Liu, Hu Zhu*, Ze Gang Ma*, Xiao Fei Wang, Zhang Hui Chen, Si Chang Zhou, Hong Shan Dong*,, Xiao Hu Zhang*, Yiu Wa Chung*, Yu Ying Yuan, Wan Xi Yang, and Hsiao Chang Chan*,,¶
*Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China; Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, College of Life Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China; and Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
Edited by Ryuzo Yanagimachi, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, and approved April 16, 2007 (received for review October 23, 2006)
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an anion channel, mutations of which cause cystic fibrosis, a disease characterized by defective Cl– and HCO3– transport. Although >95% of all CF male patients are infertile because of congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD), the question whether CFTR mutations are involved in other forms of male infertility is under intense debates. Here we report that CFTR is detected in both human and mouse sperm. CFTR inhibitor or antibody significantly reduces the sperm capacitation, and the associated HCO3–-dependent events, including increases in intracellular pH, cAMP production and membrane hyperpolarization. The fertilizing capacity of the sperm obtained from heterozygous CFTR mutant mice is also significantly lower compared with that of the wild-type. These results suggest that CFTR in sperm may be involved in the transport of HCO3– important for sperm capacitation and that CFTR mutations with impaired CFTR function may lead to reduced sperm fertilizing capacity and male infertility other than CBAVD.
bicarbonate | CFTR | sperm capacitation
¶To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]