生物谷報(bào)道：來自美國和加拿大的科研人員認(rèn)為,，男人低沉渾厚的聲音比強(qiáng)壯的體格和迷人的臉蛋更能吸引女性。同時(shí)研究人員還認(rèn)為,，擁有渾厚聲音的男性比其他男性更可能生育更多的后代。此研究結(jié)發(fā)布在the journal Biology Letters.
科學(xué)家說,，一個(gè)人渾厚的聲音有點(diǎn)像孔雀的尾巴——它沒有生存的價(jià)值,，但卻能吸引更多的異性。青春期睪丸激素會(huì)使童音雄性化,。
Coren Apicella和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)共采訪了坦桑尼亞哈扎族的52名女性和49名男性,，他們的年齡分別從18歲至55歲。在這個(gè)大的部落中,，并沒有采取任何節(jié)育的措施,。研究者之所以選擇哈扎族，是因?yàn)樗麄兊纳罘绞椒从沉巳祟惖倪M(jìn)化歷史,。他們都是群體活動(dòng),，女性采摘漿果和采集野生植物，男性則收集蜂蜜和狩獵動(dòng)物,。即使哈扎族是一夫一妻制,，但是婚外性還是常見的。
在Swahili采訪過程中,，Coren Apicella記錄下男性和女性的聲音,。在隨后的研究中，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)擁有低沉渾厚聲音的男性擁有的后代遠(yuǎn)比另外一些男性的后代多,。調(diào)查人群中,，一個(gè)音調(diào)低沉的男子擁有10個(gè)孩子,，而另外一個(gè)音調(diào)最高的男子卻只有3個(gè)孩子。
Coren Apicella認(rèn)為,，也許音調(diào)低沉的的男性體內(nèi)睪丸激素的水平較高,，這樣能使他們吸引到更多的女性。Coren Apicella還認(rèn)為高水平的睪丸激素可能使男人更早的進(jìn)入生育期——因?yàn)樗麄兪歉玫墨C手（好的獵手會(huì)給家庭帶來更多的食物,，這樣他們妻子進(jìn)入下一代生育期的時(shí)間會(huì)更短） ,。
在人類進(jìn)化歷史上，曾經(jīng)有個(gè)時(shí)期,，男人和女人的聲音音調(diào)都差不多,。但是隨著物種選擇，那些男中音的基因取得優(yōu)勢,。男孩子到青春期才會(huì)變聲,，這絕非偶然。當(dāng)睪丸激素開始分泌時(shí),，男性的聲帶就會(huì)變長,，變寬變厚，從而發(fā)出低沉的聲音來引起女性注意,。
英文原文鏈接：http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/83740.php
原始出處：
Voice pitch predicts reproductive success in male hunter-gatherers
C.L. Apicella1, D.R. Feinberg2, F.W. Marlowe3
1Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Peabody Museum, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
2Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behavior, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
3Department of Anthropology, Florida State University, 1847 West Tennessee Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-7772, USA
Abstract
The validity of evolutionary explanations of vocal sexual dimorphism hinges upon whether or not individuals with more sexually dimorphic voices have higher reproductive success than individuals with less dimorphic voices. However, due to modern birth control methods, these data are rarely described, and mating success is often used as a second-rate proxy. Here, we test whether voice pitch predicts reproductive success, number of children born and child mortality in an evolutionarily relevant population of hunter-gatherers. While we find that voice pitch is not related to reproductive outcomes in women, we find that men with low voice pitch have higher reproductive success and more children born to them. However, voice pitch in men does not predict child mortality. These findings suggest that the association between voice pitch and reproductive success in men is mediated by differential access to fecund women. Furthermore, they show that there is currently selection pressure for low-pitch voices in men.
Keywords
voice pitch, reproductive success, mating
