生物谷報道:美國加州大學圣地亞哥分校的生物學家在植物中發(fā)現了一種異乎尋常的基因。當這個基因的突變同時存在于雌性和雄性生殖細胞中時,,就會干擾授精過程,。這項研究的結果發(fā)表在最新一期的《現代生物學》雜志上。他們發(fā)現由于該基因的獨特性質,使植物因雙方“一致”的突變而達到“節(jié)欲”的作用。
研究人員解釋說,雖然人們對植物中抑制受精過程的突變已經有所了解,,但是通常這些突變都是由于雌性生殖細胞中一種突變或雄性生殖細胞中的一種突變所導致的。
但是,,這種被命名為“雙方一致節(jié)欲”的基因中,,在僅雌性攜帶這種突變時仍然能夠正常進行受精,而當只有雄性攜帶這種突變時也一樣能夠進行正常的受精,。但是,,當雌雄生殖細胞雙方同時攜帶這種基因時,受精過程被完全阻斷,。
研究人員表示,,這個控制植物受精的新基因的發(fā)現可能對植物育種專家和保育專家具有重要應用價值。
在研究這種突變?yōu)楹螘е率芫闹袛鄷r,,研究人員在模式植物擬南芥中發(fā)現,,在植物受精過程中,當花粉管接近雌性卵細胞時,,花粉管不會破裂,。因此,在突變植物中,,精細胞不能從花粉管中突圍出來到達卵細胞,。
這種怪辟的“雙方一致節(jié)欲”基因是目前確定出的第一個同時對植物雄性和雌性生殖細胞起到關鍵作用的基因,它對精子細胞相卵細胞傳遞至關重要。
研究人員發(fā)現,,這種基因負責編碼一種叫做peroxin的蛋白質,,這種蛋白質能靶向細胞內的過氧物酶體的細胞器。在細胞中,,過氧物酶體(peroxisomes,生物谷注)的主要功能是代謝脂肪酸,,保護細胞不受有毒自由基的侵害,,并且能夠產生出各種信號分子。
該研究組的發(fā)現正式,,過氧物酶體在雄性精子載體和雌性卵細胞之間的對話中起到一種意料之外的關鍵作用,。研究還暗示出,雌性或雄性生殖細胞中過氧物酶體中產生的擴散性的信號能夠使雌雄交流得以進行,。這種來自雌性或雄性生殖細胞的過氧物酶體信號足以啟動花粉管的破裂,。
研究人員表示,接下來的一個有趣的問題就是,,這種能導致花粉管破裂的來源于過氧物酶體的信號到底是些什么物質,。
原始出處:
Current Biology
The Peroxin Loss-of-Function Mutation abstinence by mutual consent Disrupts Male-Female Gametophyte Recognition
Aurélien Boisson-Dernier,1, Sabine Frietsch,1,2,3 Tae-Houn Kim,1,2 Marie B. Dizon,1 and Julian I. Schroeder1,
1 Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section and Center for Molecular Genetics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0116
Corresponding author
Aurélien Boisson-Dernier
[email protected]
Corresponding author
Julian I. Schroeder
[email protected]
In eukaryotes, fertilization relies on complex and specialized mechanisms that achieve the precise delivery of the male gamete to the female gamete and their subsequent union [1, 2, 3, 4]. In flowering plants, the haploid male gametophyte or pollen tube (PT) [5] carries two nonmotile sperm cells to the female gametophyte (FG) or embryo sac [6] during a long assisted journey through the maternal tissues [7, 8, 9, 10]. In Arabidopsis, typically one PT reaches one of the two synergids of the FG (Figure 1A), where it terminates its growth and delivers the sperm cells, a poorly understood process called pollen-tube reception. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of the Arabidopsis mutant abstinence by mutual consent (amc). Interestingly, pollen-tube reception is impaired only when an amc pollen tube reaches an amc female gametophyte, resulting in pollen-tube overgrowth and completely preventing sperm discharge and the development of homozygous mutants. Moreover, we show that AMC is strongly and transiently expressed in both male and female gametophytes during fertilization and that AMC functions in gametophytes as a peroxin essential for protein import into peroxisomes. These findings show that peroxisomes play an unexpected key role in gametophyte recognition and implicate a diffusible signal emanating from either gametophyte that is required for pollen-tube discharge.