英國和日本科學(xué)家的一項(xiàng)最新研究,,確定了植物根部如何能夠繞過堅(jiān)硬的障礙物,向土壤中生長的深層機(jī)制,。這一新發(fā)現(xiàn)也有助于解釋為何種子在發(fā)芽扎根過程中不會將自己頂出地面,。相關(guān)論文發(fā)表在2月29日的《科學(xué)》雜志上。
領(lǐng)導(dǎo)該項(xiàng)研究的是英國John Innes研究中心(一家植物和微生物研究的頂尖機(jī)構(gòu))的Liam Dolan,,他表示,,關(guān)鍵之處就在于植物根毛“毛絨絨”的表層。在研究中,,Liam Dolan等人和日本東京理科大學(xué)(Tokyo University of Science)的研究人員一道,,確定出了一種植物生長控制機(jī)制,它能讓根毛找到該走的路,,并且進(jìn)行伸長,。
根毛探索土壤的過程類似于一個(gè)人在黑暗中靠感覺前行,。如果根毛與障礙物不期而遇,它們就會在周圍四處尋找新的道路,,直至能夠繼續(xù)自由地向前生長,。與此同時(shí),隨著根毛緊緊抓住土壤,,植物也被牢牢固定起來,。
研究中科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn),根毛的這種能力由一條自增強(qiáng)循環(huán)路徑(self-reinforcing cycle)加以調(diào)控,。根毛尖端的一種名為RHD2的蛋白能夠制造自由基(free radicals),,從而激發(fā)植物對土壤中鈣的吸收。而這些鈣又會反過來提升RHD2的活性,,導(dǎo)致更多的自由基產(chǎn)生和更強(qiáng)的鈣吸收,。
而當(dāng)有物體阻礙根毛的前進(jìn)路徑時(shí),這一循環(huán)調(diào)控路徑被破壞,,根部生長就開始朝另一方向進(jìn)行,。Dolan表示,這一顯著的調(diào)控系統(tǒng)賦予植物探索復(fù)雜環(huán)境的靈活性,,使它們能夠在幾乎無望的土壤中生存繁衍,。(科學(xué)網(wǎng) 任霄鵬/編譯)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
(Science),Vol. 319. no. 5867, pp. 1241 - 1244,,Seiji Takeda, Liam Dolan
Local Positive Feedback Regulation Determines Cell Shape in Root Hair Cells
Seiji Takeda, Catherine Gapper, Hidetaka Kaya,Elizabeth Bell, Kazuyuki Kuchitsu, Liam Dolan
The specification and maintenance of growth sites are tightly regulated during cell morphogenesis in all organisms. ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 2 reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (RHD2 NADPH) oxidase–derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulate a Ca2+ influx into the cytoplasm that is required for root hair growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that Ca2+, in turn, activated the RHD2 NADPH oxidase to produce ROS at the growing point in the root hair. Together, these components could establish a means of positive feedback regulation that maintains an active growth site in expanding root hair cells. Because the location and stability of growth sites predict the ultimate form of a plant cell, our findings demonstrate how a positive feedback mechanism involving RHD2, ROS, and Ca2+ can determine cell shape.