渦蟲(planarian)擁有非常強的再生任何身體缺失部分的能力,,因而被人們大量地研究,。不過,如今,,它們也可能作為研究包括人類在內(nèi)的脊椎動物眼睛發(fā)育和眼睛疾病的模式系統(tǒng),。2012年8月2日,這項關(guān)于渦蟲眼睛中有活性的基因詳細目錄的研究發(fā)表在《細胞》期刊子刊Cell Reports上,。
為了構(gòu)建在渦蟲眼睛中表現(xiàn)出活性加強的基因列表,,Peter Reddien實驗室的研究生Sylvain Lapan分析了2000多個渦蟲眼睛。Lapan和Reddien發(fā)現(xiàn)600個有活性的基因,,并且更加詳細地研究了其中200個基因,,而且他們鑒定出的基因當中有幾個基因已知在脊椎動物眼睛中發(fā)揮著作用,但是沒有在果蠅眼睛中發(fā)現(xiàn)過,。在這些基因當中,,有一些基因參與眼睛發(fā)育,其他基因與眼睛相關(guān)的黃斑變性(macular degeneration)和亞瑟綜合癥(Usher syndrome)相關(guān)聯(lián),。
他們鑒定出的參與在渦蟲眼睛發(fā)育的關(guān)鍵性基因之一就是轉(zhuǎn)錄因子ovo,,它能夠在眼睛形成時激活很多其他基因表達,。在此之前,科學家們已發(fā)現(xiàn)ovo與其他有機體中的神經(jīng)管和生殖細胞發(fā)育相關(guān)聯(lián),,但是未發(fā)現(xiàn)與眼睛相關(guān)聯(lián),。ovo在成年渦蟲的眼睛再生和眼睛維護中發(fā)揮著至關(guān)重要的作用,而且在胚胎內(nèi)眼睛發(fā)育中也有活性,。事實上,,當在實驗中ovo被關(guān)閉時,頭部截斷的渦蟲不能再生它們的眼睛,,而且其他方面正常的成年渦蟲的眼睛在幾個月之后消失掉,。
Lapan說,“類似機制也被用來在渦蟲體內(nèi)平衡,、再生和胚胎發(fā)育期間制造眼睛,。如今,除了果蠅之外的其他脊椎動物中,,我們更多地了解關(guān)于這些動物體內(nèi)調(diào)節(jié)眼睛形成的基因方面的信息,。渦蟲眼睛與果蠅眼睛非常不同,而且我們已正在觀察到研究多種模式物種的益處,,比如發(fā)現(xiàn)ovo的一種關(guān)鍵性作用,。”(生物谷:Bioon.com)
本文編譯自Planarians offer a better view of eye development
doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.06.018
PMC:
PMID:
Transcriptome Analysis of the Planarian Eye Identifies ovo as a Specific Regulator of Eye Regeneration
Sylvain W. Lapan, Peter W. Reddien
Among the millions of invertebrate species with visual systems, the genetic basis of eye development and function is well understood only in Drosophila melanogaster. We describe an eye transcriptome for the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea. Planarian photoreceptors expressed orthologs of genes required for phototransduction and microvillus structure in Drosophila and vertebrates, and optic pigment cells expressed solute transporters and melanin synthesis enzymes similar to those active in the vertebrate retinal pigment epithelium. Orthologs of several planarian eye genes, such as bestrophin-1 and Usher syndrome genes, cause eye defects in mammals when perturbed and were not previously described to have roles in invertebrate eyes. Five previously undescribed planarian eye transcription factors were required for normal eye formation during head regeneration. In particular, a conserved, transcription-factor-encoding ovo gene was expressed from the earliest stages of eye regeneration and was required for regeneration of all cell types of the eye.