中科院水土保持研究所馬永清研究員及其學(xué)術(shù)團(tuán)隊(duì)撰寫(xiě)的論文《一些玉米雜交系可以誘導(dǎo)向日葵列當(dāng)種子萌發(fā)》（Potential of Some Hybrid Maize Lines to Induce Germination of Sunflower Broomrape）在《作物科學(xué)》（Crop Science）雜志發(fā)表,。
玉米在全世界廣泛種植，可以作為食物,、動(dòng)物飼料以及能源物質(zhì),，其管理方式靈活，用途多樣,。馬永清及其學(xué)術(shù)團(tuán)隊(duì)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),，玉米具有誘導(dǎo)向日葵列當(dāng)“自殺萌發(fā)”的能力。
向日葵列當(dāng)給亞洲,、非洲以及東歐南部地區(qū)的蔬菜和農(nóng)作物造成大量的破壞,。由于向日葵列當(dāng)自身缺乏葉綠素，它完全靠從寄主植物上吸收水分和養(yǎng)分,。被向日葵列當(dāng)寄生的向日葵農(nóng)田,，將會(huì)使向日葵減產(chǎn)50%。向日葵是中國(guó)主要的油料作物之一,，目前在陜西省定邊縣超過(guò)64%的向日葵田被向日葵列當(dāng)寄生,，寄生的面積高達(dá)10000公頃以上。一些防治方法包括化學(xué)防治和傳統(tǒng)的防治方法都可以降低向日葵列當(dāng)造成的危害,。目前的研究顯示利用誘捕作物（誘捕作物是指可以誘導(dǎo)雜草種子萌發(fā)但又不被雜草寄生的植物,也稱之為“自殺性萌發(fā)”）也可以達(dá)到防除列當(dāng)?shù)男Ч?/p>
馬永清科研團(tuán)隊(duì)試圖利用玉米作為誘捕作物來(lái)控制列當(dāng)?shù)奈：?。他們研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，玉米的親本和自交系對(duì)列當(dāng)種子有顯著的萌發(fā)刺激作用,，玉米又不能被列當(dāng)所寄生,。因此，他們提出可以專門(mén)生產(chǎn)玉米品系來(lái)作為誘捕作物,，既可以防治向日葵列當(dāng),，還可以作為飼料作物,。
為了探究不同玉米品種對(duì)向日葵列當(dāng)?shù)拿劝l(fā)刺激作用，研究人員對(duì)親本和自交系都進(jìn)行了測(cè)試,。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)有一個(gè)組合的F1代和父母本均能誘導(dǎo)較高的發(fā)芽率,。另外，所測(cè)的玉米雜交組合并沒(méi)有以誘捕防除列當(dāng)作為育種目的,，因此他們提出通過(guò)分析這些優(yōu)質(zhì)的品系,，有可能選育出更加有效的品種。
美國(guó)作物科學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)網(wǎng)站（Http://www.crops.org/）1月7日在頭條位置刊登了該論文的相關(guān)報(bào)道,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi: 10.2135/cropsci2012.03.0197
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Potential of Some Hybrid Maize Lines to Induce Germination of Sunflower Broomrape
Yongqing Ma *a, Jinnan Jiab, Yu Anc, Zhong Wangb and Jianchang Maod
Orobanche cumana Wallr. (sunflower broomrape) is a devastating root parasitic weed, causing enormous crop losses throughout the world. Maize (Zea mays L.) is able to induce germination of at least two Orobanche species. Our question was whether or not maize has potential to be used as a “trap crop” for O. cumana. To answer this question, we screened four maize hybrids and their parental lines for their ability to induce O. cumana germination. The results indicated that rhizosphere soil, rhizosphere soil extracts, root extracts, and shoot extracts from three of the four maize hybrids and their parental lines induced significant O. cumana germination. Root extracts generally induced higher germination rates than shoot extracts. Ten-fold dilutions of the extracts generally induced higher germination rates than either undiluted extracts or 100-fold dilutions. The ability to induce germination varied significantly among maize hybrid and inbred lines, with the hybrid 3255 × 335 and its parental lines generally inducing the highest O. cumana germination rates. The genetic mechanism for the production of the chemical stimulant that induces O. cumana germination needs to be analyzed further; however, we propose that there is potential for a breeding program to be developed to produce maize lines with greater ability to induce O. cumana germination. These lines could be used as trap crops for the control of this devastating root parasitic weed.
