2007年8月16日,,北京生命科學研究所羅敏敏實驗室在Science雜志上發(fā)表題為 “Detection of Near-Atmospheric Concentrations of CO2 by an Olfactory Subsystem in the Mouse” 的文章,。該文章報道了小鼠可以通過一類特殊的嗅覺神經(jīng)元感受接近于空氣中濃度的二氧化碳,。
二氧化碳(CO2)對于許多生物是一種重要的環(huán)境信號分子。傳統(tǒng)上二氧化碳被認為是無色無味的氣體,。經(jīng)典的心理物理學測試證明對于二氧化碳確實不能由人類的嗅覺系統(tǒng)所檢測,,但是其他的哺乳動物是否可以通過嗅覺系統(tǒng)感受低濃度的二氧化碳(空氣中二氧化碳平均濃度0.038%)仍然不清楚,。
由我所羅敏敏研究員所領(lǐng)導的課題組運用分子生物學、免疫組織化學,、小鼠遺傳操作,、電生理、鈣成像,、以及行為學等多種實驗手段,證明了小鼠能通過一類表達D型鳥苷酸環(huán)化酶(GC-D)的嗅覺感覺細胞感受接近于大氣中濃度的二氧化碳,。他們首先發(fā)現(xiàn)表明碳酸酐酶II,一種催化CO2與水生成HCO3-和H+的酶,特異地表達在這類GC-D神經(jīng)元中,。這些神經(jīng)元的軸突投射到嗅球中的項鏈嗅小球,,形成所謂的項鏈嗅覺系統(tǒng)。這一研究運用鈣成像與電生理記錄表明CO2激活GC-D神經(jīng)元以及嗅球中與項鏈嗅小球聯(lián)系的神經(jīng)細胞,。行為學實驗結(jié)果表明小鼠檢測CO2的閾限為0.066%,非常接近空氣中CO2的平均濃度(0.038%),。最后,他們的藥理實驗及行為實驗證明小鼠這樣靈敏的二氧化碳檢測能力需要碳酸酐酶II的活性及環(huán)鳥苷酸環(huán)敏感的離子通道的開發(fā),。
這一研究首次證明二氧化碳可以被哺乳動物的嗅覺系統(tǒng)靈敏地檢測到,,并且此一檢測是通過項鏈嗅覺系統(tǒng)所完成,而此一特異的嗅覺系統(tǒng)的功能一直不清楚,。最后,,此一研究對于哺乳動物對CO2檢測的細胞機制提供了初步線索。
博士生胡霽,仲純?yōu)楸菊撐牡墓餐谝蛔髡?,論文的其他作者還有本所的丁澄,,杜克大學的Qiuyi Chi, Hiroaki Matsunami博士,洛克菲勒大學的Andreas Walz博士及Peter Mombaerts博士,。羅敏敏博士為本文通訊作者,。此項研究由科技部863計劃,,北京市科委,,及人類前沿科學計劃(HFSP)資助,在北京生命科學研究所完成,。(北京生命科學研究所)
原始出處:
Science 17 August 2007:
Vol. 317. no. 5840, pp. 953 - 957
DOI: 10.1126/science.1144233
Detection of Near-Atmospheric Concentrations of CO2 by an Olfactory Subsystem in the Mouse
Ji Hu,1,2* Chun Zhong,1,2* Cheng Ding,1 Qiuyi Chi,3 Andreas Walz,4 Peter Mombaerts,4 Hiroaki Matsunami,3 Minmin Luo1
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important environmental cue for many organisms but is odorless to humans. It remains unclear whether the mammalian olfactory system can detect CO2 at concentrations around the average atmospheric level (0.038%). We demonstrated the expression of carbonic anhydrase type II (CAII), an enzyme that catabolizes CO2, in a subset of mouse olfactory neurons that express guanylyl cyclase D (GC-D+ neurons) and project axons to necklace glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. Exposure to CO2 activated these GC-D+ neurons, and exposure of a mouse to CO2 activated bulbar neurons associated with necklace glomeruli. Behavioral tests revealed CO2 detection thresholds of 0.066%, and this sensitive CO2 detection required CAII activity. We conclude that mice detect CO2 at near-atmospheric concentrations through the olfactory subsystem of GC-D+ neurons.
1 National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China.
2 Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
3 Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
4 The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.
* These authors contributed equally to this work.
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]