生物谷報道:來自西北大學(xué)芬堡醫(yī)學(xué)院(Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine,生物谷注)神經(jīng)學(xué)系,,喬治亞醫(yī)學(xué)院(Medical College of Georgia),,以及北京大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院的研究人員解開了神經(jīng)突起誘向因子Netrin的信號通量中的一個關(guān)鍵機(jī)制,為進(jìn)一步研究軸突導(dǎo)向活動,,以及細(xì)胞遷移提供了重要資料,。這一研究成果公布在Nature Neuroscience雜志在線版上。
文章的通訊作者是饒毅教授和吳瑛教授,,前者是美國西北大學(xué)神經(jīng)科教授兼中國北京生命科學(xué)研究所資深研究員,,后者是美國西北大學(xué)神經(jīng)科學(xué)系教授,知名的華人女科學(xué)家(具體簡介見后),。
細(xì)胞遷移(cell migration)是炎癥反應(yīng)(inflammatory response)的必要組成部分,,同時為防止細(xì)胞滲透到健康組織中,對白細(xì)胞運(yùn)輸(leukocyte trafficking)過程進(jìn)行合適的調(diào)控,。Netrins是與層粘連蛋白相關(guān)的,、高度保守的小分子分泌蛋白家族成員,在細(xì)胞遷移和軸突導(dǎo)向活動中具有重要的作用,,其同源物在多種模式動物中均已發(fā)現(xiàn),。Netrins分為2個亞家族:netrins和netrin-Gs,其中的netrin-G亞家族各成員之間具有高度的相似性,。
在Netrin行使功能,,進(jìn)行信號傳導(dǎo)的過程中需要小GTP酶(GTPase,生物谷注):Rac1,,然而目前在這一領(lǐng)域中,,Rac1如何在netrin途徑中受到調(diào)控仍然是一個謎。
在這篇文章中,,饒毅等人為解開這一謎團(tuán),,將目光聚焦到了一種稱為DOCK180的蛋白身上,DOCK180蛋白可誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞向正確方向遷移,,是一個引導(dǎo)性Rho GTPases核苷交換因子(nucleotide exchange factors),,在2005年的一篇文章中,,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)DOCK180蛋白有可能用于研制阻止腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移的藥物和治療關(guān)節(jié)炎和哮喘等免疫紊亂性疾病。
經(jīng)過一系列的實(shí)驗(yàn),,研究人員將這種蛋白與netrin信號傳導(dǎo)聯(lián)系了起來,,發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩者關(guān)聯(lián)的證據(jù)。他們的實(shí)驗(yàn)表明Netrin能促進(jìn)一種包含有DOCK180蛋白和netrin受體(在結(jié)腸癌DCC中缺失)的蛋白-蛋白相互作用復(fù)合物的形成,,同時抑制DOCK180蛋白會減少Rac1的活性——通過netrin作用,。
研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)在脊椎動物神經(jīng)元中,DOCK180蛋白被敲除之后,,netrin誘導(dǎo)的軸突生長和軸突導(dǎo)向(attraction)都會受到影響,,因此DOCK180在體內(nèi)扮演的角色就可以通過在神經(jīng)管(neural tube)中其需要commissural軸突的突出得以證明。
這些研究證明netrin刺激在DCC中使DOCK180增多,,從而激活了小GTP酶,,說明了DOCK180在介導(dǎo)神經(jīng)元對netrin-1的導(dǎo)向應(yīng)答(attractive responses)中的重要作用。
原始出處:
Nature Neuroscience
Published online: 9 December 2007 | doi:10.1038/nn2022
Netrin signal transduction and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor DOCK180 in attractive signaling
Xiaoling Li1,5, Xue Gao1,5, Guofa Liu1,5, Wencheng Xiong2, Jane Wu1,3 & Yi Rao1,4
Abstract
Netrins are prototypical axon guidance cues whose attractive signaling requires the small GTPase Rac1. It remains unclear how Rac1 is regulated in the netrin pathway. DOCK180 is a member of a new family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Rho GTPases. Here we provide evidence implicating DOCK180 in netrin signal transduction. Netrin promoted the formation of a protein-protein interaction complex that included DOCK180 and the netrin receptor deleted in colorectal carcinoma (DCC). Inhibition of DOCK180 reduced activation of Rac1 by netrin. Both axon outgrowth and axon attraction induced by netrin were inhibited after DOCK180 knockdown in vertebrate neurons. The in vivo functional role of DOCK180 was demonstrated by its requirement for projection of commissural axons in the neural tube. These findings indicate that netrin stimulation recruits DOCK180 through DCC, which then activates small GTPases, suggesting an essential role for DOCK180 in mediating attractive responses by neurons to netrin-1.
Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Superior Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
Program of Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Neurology, 1120 15th Street, CA 4010, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA.
Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Superior Avenue, Lurie 6–117, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
School of Life Sciences, Beijing University, Beijing 100871, China.
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Correspondence to: Jane Wu1,3 e-mail: [email protected]
Correspondence to: Yi Rao1,4 e-mail: [email protected]