生物谷報(bào)道：人的大腦能夠覺察環(huán)境中影像和聲音的細(xì)微變化，不管是一閃而過(guò)的蚊子還是吉他手一個(gè)微小的失誤，我們都能夠立即輕而易舉地覺察到,。然而，已有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),，大腦中變化前的映像和變化后的映像,，即使間隔了一小段時(shí)間，也會(huì)干擾大腦檢測(cè)視覺差異的能力,。
法國(guó)波爾多大學(xué)（University of Bordeaux）的科學(xué)家Laurent Demany等人說(shuō),，大腦必定以某種方式記住變化前的情景。許多實(shí)驗(yàn)已經(jīng)證明,，哪怕是100毫秒的短暫時(shí)間間隔,，也會(huì)嚴(yán)重干擾我們覺察周圍環(huán)境復(fù)雜圖像變化的能力,。這種現(xiàn)象被稱為“動(dòng)態(tài)性失明”（change blindness）。
上述這些科學(xué)家最近研究了時(shí)間間隔對(duì)大腦覺察聲音變化的影響,。他們的目的是通過(guò)研究確定,，大腦是否用相同的機(jī)制來(lái)覺察影像和聲音的變化。參與試驗(yàn)的人要在許多音調(diào)中,，覺察到一個(gè)音調(diào)的音高發(fā)生的變化,。試驗(yàn)時(shí)，研究了不同的變化前聲音復(fù)雜程度和安靜的時(shí)間間隔,。
研究人員本來(lái)以為,，若是與覺察圖像變化的過(guò)程相似，大腦將在復(fù)雜的聲音環(huán)境中,，能記住的變化比在簡(jiǎn)單的環(huán)境中要少,。但是他們的研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡管有時(shí)間上的延遲,，參與實(shí)驗(yàn)者還是能夠記住非常復(fù)雜的,、多達(dá)12種音調(diào)的變化。
這項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)果表明,，與影像相比,，人類大腦使用更復(fù)雜的機(jī)制來(lái)記住聲音，因此某種程度上說(shuō),，人對(duì)聲音的變化比對(duì)影像的變化更敏感,。
該研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在2008月1月的Psychological Science上。
生物谷推薦原始出處：
Psychological Science
Volume 19 Issue 1 Page 85-91, January 2008
To cite this article: Laurent Demany, Wiebke Trost, Maja Serman, Catherine Semal (2008)
Auditory Change Detection: Simple Sounds Are Not Memorized Better Than Complex Sounds
Psychological Science 19 (1), 85–91.
doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02050.x
Auditory Change Detection: Simple Sounds Are Not Memorized Better Than Complex Sounds
Laurent Demany11Université Bordeaux 2 and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bordeaux, France, Wiebke Trost11Université Bordeaux 2 and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bordeaux, France, Maja Serman11Université Bordeaux 2 and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bordeaux, France, and Catherine Semal11Université Bordeaux 2 and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bordeaux, France
1Université Bordeaux 2 and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bordeaux, France
ABSTRACT—Previous research has shown that the detectability of a local change in a visual image is essentially independent of the complexity of the image when the interstimulus interval (ISI) is very short, but is limited by a low-capacity memory system when the ISI exceeds 100 ms. In the study reported here, listeners made same/different judgments on pairs of successive "chords" (sums of pure tones with random frequencies). The change to be detected was always a frequency shift in one of the tones, and which tone would change was unpredictable. Performance worsened as the number of tones increased, but this effect was not larger for 2-s ISIs than for 0-ms ISIs. Similar results were obtained when a chord was followed by a single tone that had to be judged as higher or lower than the closest component of the chord. Overall, our data suggest that change detection is based on different mechanisms in audition and vision.
