功能性核磁共振（fMRI）以兩個步驟激活任意名詞,。
生物谷報道：當你在想一個人,、地方或事情的時候,，你的腦中會顯示出與該特別畫面有關的獨特的活動模式。據(jù)5月29日的《科學》（Science）雜志刊載的研究論文,，現(xiàn)在有一種電腦模擬可以預測這些神經(jīng)活動模式在人的頭腦中是如何顯示的,，而這一過程取決于這個人所思想的是什么名詞。這一進展可幫助研究人員探索長期存在的有關知識是如何在人腦中表現(xiàn)的種種問題，并有可能導向更深地理解并更好地治療語言缺陷和學習障礙,。
Tom Mitchell及其同事對一個計算模式進行了60種神經(jīng)模式的“訓練”,，這些神經(jīng)模式是用功能性核磁共振（fMRI）成像采集自人類受試者的。這些神經(jīng)模式所表現(xiàn)的恰好是人腦是如何解讀并表達60種不同名詞畫面的,。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),，他們的模型此后能夠預測與其它名詞有關但沒有被包括在訓練套數(shù)之內(nèi)的名詞的神經(jīng)活動模式。在開發(fā)這一模型的時候,，研究人員應用了一個理論將名詞描繪成具有25個維度的物體,，而每一維度具有一個感覺-運動的特征，如進食或嗅聞,。這一在練習中非常描述性地表現(xiàn)名詞的方法使得該模型能夠非常精確地預測在人腦中表達的數(shù)千種其它新畫面的神經(jīng)模式,。（生物谷www.bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原始出處：
Science，Vol. 320. no. 5880, pp. 1191 - 1195,，Tom M. Mitchell,，Marcel Adam Just
Predicting Human Brain Activity Associated with the Meanings of Nouns
Tom M. Mitchell,1* Svetlana V. Shinkareva,2 Andrew Carlson,1 Kai-Min Chang,3,4 Vicente L. Malave,5 Robert A. Mason,3 Marcel Adam Just3
The question of how the human brain represents conceptual knowledge has been debated in many scientific fields. Brain imaging studies have shown that different spatial patterns of neural activation are associated with thinking about different semantic categories of pictures and words (for example, tools, buildings, and animals). We present a computational model that predicts the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) neural activation associated with words for which fMRI data are not yet available. This model is trained with a combination of data from a trillion-word text corpus and observed fMRI data associated with viewing several dozen concrete nouns. Once trained, the model predicts fMRI activation for thousands of other concrete nouns in the text corpus, with highly significant accuracies over the 60 nouns for which we currently have fMRI data.
1 Machine Learning Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
2 Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
3 Center for Cognitive Brain Imaging, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
4 Language Technologies Institute, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
5 Cognitive Science Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
