荷爾蒙已知調(diào)節(jié)動(dòng)物之間的社會(huì)互動(dòng),，其中睪丸激素傳統(tǒng)上被認(rèn)為誘導(dǎo)侵略性行為,。雖然這種歸類方式被外推到了人類（于是便會(huì)有“由睪丸激素刺激的”行為這樣為人們所熟悉的概念），但睪丸激素是否真的能促進(jìn)反社會(huì)行為則不清楚,。
在一個(gè)討價(jià)還價(jià)的博弈中，施用睪丸激素被發(fā)現(xiàn)會(huì)增加公平行為、減少?zèng)_突和增強(qiáng)社會(huì)互動(dòng),。但當(dāng)讓實(shí)驗(yàn)對象相信他們被施用了睪丸激素,、而不管是否真是這樣時(shí)，他們的行為則會(huì)被那些認(rèn)為自己所接受的是安慰劑（同樣不管是否真是這樣）的實(shí)驗(yàn)對象更為不公平,。所以,，人們以為睪丸激素增加所產(chǎn)生作用是負(fù)面的、反社會(huì)的,，這種認(rèn)識(shí)之強(qiáng)烈足以誘導(dǎo)負(fù)面社會(huì)行為,，即便生物學(xué)結(jié)果實(shí)際上是相反的。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原始出處：
Nature 463, 356-359 (21 January 2010) | doi:10.1038/nature08711
Prejudice and truth about the effect of testosterone on human bargaining behaviournear-final version
C. Eisenegger1, M. Naef1,2, R. Snozzi1, M. Heinrichs3 & E. Fehr1
1 Institute for Empirical Research in Economics, Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
2 Department of Economics, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
3 Department of Psychology, Laboratory for Biological and Personality Psychology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
4 Correspondence to: C. Eisenegger1E. Fehr1 Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to C.E. or E.F.
Both biosociological and psychological models, as well as animal research, suggest that testosterone has a key role in social interactions1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Evidence from animal studies in rodents shows that testosterone causes aggressive behaviour towards conspecifics7. Folk wisdom generalizes and adapts these findings to humans, suggesting that testosterone induces antisocial, egoistic, or even aggressive human behaviours. However, many researchers have questioned this folk hypothesis1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, arguing that testosterone is primarily involved in status-related behaviours in challenging social interactions, but causal evidence that discriminates between these views is sparse. Here we show that the sublingual administration of a single dose of testosterone in women causes a substantial increase in fair bargaining behaviour, thereby reducing bargaining conflicts and increasing the efficiency of social interactions. However, subjects who believed that they received testosterone—regardless of whether they actually received it or not—behaved much more unfairly than those who believed that they were treated with placebo. Thus, the folk hypothesis seems to generate a strong negative association between subjects’ beliefs and the fairness of their offers, even though testosterone administration actually causes a substantial increase in the frequency of fair bargaining offers in our experiment.
