在哺乳動(dòng)物中,,識(shí)別近親——包括后代——的能力被認(rèn)為與辨識(shí)它們獨(dú)特的、由遺傳因素決定的體味有關(guān)。與母系的識(shí)別行為相比,,父系的識(shí)別行為及其在大腦可塑性中的相關(guān)變化在很大程度上卻是未知的,。加拿大科學(xué)家日前發(fā)現(xiàn),父親與后代的相互作用增加了腦室下區(qū)(SVZ)和齒狀回中的神經(jīng)形成,,而這對(duì)于父親與后代的認(rèn)知是非常重要的,。
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加拿大亞伯達(dá)省卡爾加里大學(xué)的Gloria K Mak和Samuel Weiss首先確定了雄鼠能夠識(shí)別它們已經(jīng)成年的后代,即便兩者之間僅僅在產(chǎn)后的兩天里有過相互接觸,,這意味著父親與產(chǎn)后兒女的交感是這種識(shí)別的關(guān)鍵所在,。
相對(duì)于那些沒有與自己的后代在產(chǎn)后進(jìn)行交流的雄鼠,與自己的后代有過相互作用的雄鼠表現(xiàn)出了SVZ和齒狀回中神經(jīng)發(fā)生水平的提高(25%~40%),,并分別導(dǎo)致嗅球和齒狀回中的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞增加了39%和88%,。此外,新產(chǎn)生的嗅覺中間神經(jīng)元與特別針對(duì)后代氣味的嗅覺認(rèn)知以及記憶響應(yīng)緊密相關(guān),。
催乳激素(PRL)已知在父系關(guān)愛行為的開始,,以及懷孕雌性動(dòng)物的嗅覺神經(jīng)發(fā)生的提升中充當(dāng)了一個(gè)角色。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),,成年雄鼠大腦的SVZ和齒狀回中的神經(jīng)祖細(xì)胞能夠表達(dá)催乳激素的受體(PRLR),。在缺少一種功能性PRLR或被施與一種PRL抑制抗體后,由同后代的交互作用所導(dǎo)致的SVZ和齒狀回中神經(jīng)發(fā)生的提升被徹底破壞了,,從而導(dǎo)致雄鼠無法識(shí)別它們的成年后代,。然而,在產(chǎn)后交互作用的早期施用促黃體激素卻能夠增加SVZ和齒狀回中的神經(jīng)形成,,并完全恢復(fù)雄性識(shí)別其成年后代的能力,。這些結(jié)果表明,對(duì)于父親與后代的識(shí)別關(guān)系的建立而言,,催乳激素是一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的調(diào)節(jié)因素,。
研究人員認(rèn)為,這項(xiàng)研究表明,,雄性哺乳動(dòng)物與其后代在產(chǎn)后的交互作用在SVZ和齒狀回中引發(fā)了由PRL調(diào)節(jié)的神經(jīng)形成,,同時(shí)意味著隨后有關(guān)大腦可塑性的變化對(duì)后代的嗅覺識(shí)別提供了幫助。
研究人員在最近出版的《自然—神經(jīng)科學(xué)》雜志上報(bào)告了這一研究成果,。(生物谷Bioon.net)
生物谷推薦原文出處:
Nature Neuroscience doi:10.1038/nn.2550
Paternal recognition of adult offspring mediated by newly generated CNS neurons
Gloria K Mak& Samuel Weiss
In mammals, olfaction is often used to distinguish individuals on the basis of their unique odor types (genetically programmed body odors). Parental-offspring recognition behavior is mediated, in part, by learning and processing of different odor types and is crucial for reproductive success. Maternal recognition behavior and associated brain plasticity has been well characterized, but paternal recognition behavior and brain plasticity is poorly understood. We found that paternal-adult offspring recognition behavior in mice was dependent on postnatal offspring interaction and was associated with increased neurogenesis in the paternal olfactory bulb and hippocampus. Newly generated paternal olfactory interneurons were preferentially activated by adult offspring odors. Disrupting prolactin signaling abolished increased paternal neurogenesis and adult offspring recognition. Rescuing this neurogenesis restored recognition behavior. Thus, neurogenesis in the paternal brain may be involved in offspring recognition.