當(dāng)一個(gè)孩子從他或她的狂亂的青少年時(shí)期成長(zhǎng)到成年時(shí)期,，其大腦是如何變化的呢？ 根據(jù)一項(xiàng)新的研究,，對(duì)腦部進(jìn)行為時(shí)5分鐘掃描的一個(gè)詳盡的分析就足以對(duì)腦的成熟水平提供某種測(cè)度,。
為了得出這一結(jié)論，Nico Dosenbach及其同事用復(fù)雜的模式分析軟件對(duì)238幅來(lái)自志愿者（他們的年齡為7-30歲）的功能連接核磁共振成像（fcMRI）腦掃描進(jìn)行了分析,。 明確地說(shuō),，他們的結(jié)果顯示，腦中的長(zhǎng)距離神經(jīng)元連接傾向于隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而增加,，而短距離連接則會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的推進(jìn)而變得較弱,。 研究人員提出，腦中短距離神經(jīng)元連接的喪失看來(lái)比任何其它因子都更能指示年齡的增長(zhǎng),。
他們還提出,，一個(gè)成熟的腦會(huì)以整個(gè)腦子中更稀少但更為準(zhǔn)確的神經(jīng)元連接為特征。 Dosenbach及其同事甚至提出,，一個(gè)快速的,、5分鐘的功能連接核磁共振成像（fcMRI）腦掃描應(yīng)該在將來(lái)成為輔助醫(yī)生篩檢、診斷和治療腦功能失常病人的例行措施,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦英文摘要：
Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1194144
Prediction of Individual Brain Maturity Using fMRI
Nico U. F. Dosenbach,1,* Binyam Nardos,1 Alexander L. Cohen,1 Damien A. Fair,2 Jonathan D. Power,1 Jessica A. Church,1 Steven M. Nelson,1,3 Gagan S. Wig,1,4,5 Alecia C. Vogel,1 Christina N. Lessov-Schlaggar,6 Kelly Anne Barnes,1 Joseph W. Dubis,1 Eric Feczko,6 Rebecca S. Coalson,1,7 John R. Pruett, Jr.,6 Deanna M. Barch,3,6,7 Steven E. Petersen,1,3,7,8 Bradley L. Schlaggar1,7,8,9,*
Group functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI) studies have documented reliable changes in human functional brain maturity over development. Here we show that support vector machine-based multivariate pattern analysis extracts sufficient information from fcMRI data to make accurate predictions about individuals’ brain maturity across development. The use of only 5 minutes of resting-state fcMRI data from 238 scans of typically developing volunteers (ages 7 to 30 years) allowed prediction of individual brain maturity as a functional connectivity maturation index. The resultant functional maturation curve accounted for 55% of the sample variance and followed a nonlinear asymptotic growth curve shape. The greatest relative contribution to predicting individual brain maturity was made by the weakening of short-range functional connections between the adult brain’s major functional networks.
1 Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
2 Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
3 Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
4 Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
5 Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
6 Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
7 Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
8 Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
9 Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
