在情人節(jié)期間,不少人在探討愛(ài)的真諦,。美國(guó)一項(xiàng)不浪漫的研究結(jié)果顯示,,愛(ài)是一種大腦活動(dòng),會(huì)隨著時(shí)間流逝而逐漸改變,。
紐約州立大學(xué)斯托尼布魯克分校和愛(ài)因斯坦醫(yī)學(xué)院的研究人員共同進(jìn)行系列實(shí)驗(yàn),。
第一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中,他們找來(lái)10名女性和7名男性,,這些人都處于熱戀中,,戀愛(ài)時(shí)間從1個(gè)月到2年不等。研究人員給他們看各自愛(ài)人和與愛(ài)人相似之人的照片,,同時(shí)掃描他們的大腦,。
掃描結(jié)果顯示,看到心上人照片時(shí),,這些人腦部與獎(jiǎng)賞有關(guān)的部分活躍,。
2月13日,“趣味科學(xué)”網(wǎng)站引述研究報(bào)告作者之一阿瑟·阿倫的話(huà)報(bào)道:“熱烈的愛(ài)情使用的大腦機(jī)制與人對(duì)毒品上癮時(shí)腦部活躍的部位相同,。”
換句話(huà)說(shuō),,戀愛(ài)中的人盼望見(jiàn)到戀人的心情如同癮君子對(duì)毒品的渴求那樣不可遏止。
研究人員說(shuō),浪漫的愛(ài)是一個(gè)人所能擁有的最強(qiáng)烈的情感,。人類(lèi)的大腦天生“預(yù)置”了一個(gè)配偶選擇程序,,會(huì)為贏(yíng)得伴侶竭盡所能。有時(shí),,為了吸引心上人注意力,,甚至不惜鋌而走險(xiǎn)。
“如果你戀愛(ài)了,,你會(huì)感到快樂(lè),,同樣也會(huì)感到焦慮,”參與研究的愛(ài)因斯坦醫(yī)學(xué)院神經(jīng)學(xué)家露西·布朗說(shuō),,“那個(gè)人成為你生活的目標(biāo),。”
如果追求成功,這個(gè)“目標(biāo)”就會(huì)變成“獎(jiǎng)賞”,。她說(shuō),,大腦中的負(fù)責(zé)獎(jiǎng)賞的部分也是大腦的愉悅中心,它對(duì)大腦十分重要,,“它能幫助我們分辨出,,什么時(shí)候我們?cè)陂_(kāi)心”。
愛(ài)會(huì)隨著時(shí)間流逝逐漸減少嗎,?
研究人員找來(lái)17名平均婚齡21歲,,仍對(duì)伴侶有濃烈的愛(ài)意的志愿者,讓他們看另一半的照片,。大腦掃描結(jié)果顯示,,這些人看到照片時(shí),腦部與依戀,、愛(ài)慕有關(guān)的部位活躍,。
“對(duì)大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō),濃烈的愛(ài)會(huì)逐漸淡去,,但彼此的依賴(lài)會(huì)逐漸增長(zhǎng),。”阿倫說(shuō),這種依賴(lài)會(huì)讓伴侶不離不棄,,共同撫養(yǎng)后代,。
阿倫說(shuō),大腦研究顯示,,愛(ài)的確會(huì)隨著時(shí)間而改變,,“只要愛(ài)還在,我們就會(huì)對(duì)這種關(guān)系慢慢習(xí)以為常,,不擔(dān)心伴侶會(huì)離開(kāi),,所以就會(huì)逐漸不重視對(duì)方的需求”。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:10.1093/scan/nsq092
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Neural correlates of long-term intense romantic love
Bianca P. Acevedo, Arthur Aron, Helen E. Fisher and Lucy L. Brown
The present study examined the neural correlates of long-term intense romantic love using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Ten women and 7 men married an average of 21.4 years underwent fMRI while viewing facial images of their partner. Control images included a highly familiar acquaintance; a close, long-term friend; and a low-familiar person. Effects specific to the intensely loved, long-term partner were found in: (i) areas of the dopamine-rich reward and basal ganglia system, such as the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and dorsal striatum, consistent with results from early-stage romantic love studies; and (ii) several regions implicated in maternal attachment, such as the globus pallidus (GP), substantia nigra, Raphe nucleus, thalamus, insular cortex, anterior cingulate and posterior cingulate. Correlations of neural activity in regions of interest with widely used questionnaires showed: (i) VTA and caudate responses correlated with romantic love scores and inclusion of other in the self; (ii) GP responses correlated with friendship-based love scores; (iii) hypothalamus and posterior hippocampus responses correlated with sexual frequency; and (iv) caudate, septum/fornix, posterior cingulate and posterior hippocampus responses correlated with obsession. Overall, results suggest that for some individuals the reward-value associated with a long-term partner may be sustained, similar to new love, but also involves brain systems implicated in attachment and pair-bonding.