近日,，日本一個(gè)研究小組在《老年神經(jīng)生物學(xué)》（Neurobiology of Aging）雜志上發(fā)表文章說,，老年人短時(shí)間運(yùn)動即可使右腦的特定部位活躍,，彌補(bǔ)左腦承擔(dān)的判斷功能。這是世界首次揭示運(yùn)動可提高衰退大腦的功能補(bǔ)償,。
日本筑波大學(xué)和自治醫(yī)科大學(xué)的研究人員以平均年齡21.5歲的20名學(xué)生和平均年齡69.3歲的16名身體健康的老年人為對象,，進(jìn)行了判斷能力的測試。研究人員讓受測試者判斷給出的顏色和表示顏色的文字是否一致,，統(tǒng)計(jì)他們回答的正確率和反應(yīng)時(shí)間,。之后讓受測試者騎自行車運(yùn)動10分鐘，結(jié)束運(yùn)動休息15分鐘后,，重新接受同樣的測試,，并用儀器觀察他們大腦各部位的活躍情況,。
比較兩次測試的結(jié)果，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),，學(xué)生們運(yùn)動后判斷速度平均提高了50%，同時(shí)他們大腦左半球的一部分表現(xiàn)活躍,；老年組的判斷速度平均提高了16%，而比運(yùn)動前受測試時(shí)表現(xiàn)活躍的卻是右腦的右額極,。
由于判斷能力由大腦左半球掌管，故研究小組認(rèn)為,，老年人的一些腦功能雖然隨著年齡增長有所下降，但經(jīng)過短時(shí)間運(yùn)動,，大腦的其他部位會活躍起來并在一定程度上補(bǔ)償衰退的左腦功能。
人們都知道運(yùn)動的習(xí)慣有助于提高大腦的認(rèn)知功能,，而此次研究證實(shí)短時(shí)間的運(yùn)動也能有益于大腦功能。（生物谷Bioon.com）
doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.12.022
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Acute moderate exercise enhances compensatory brain activation in older adults
Kazuki Hyodoa, Ippeita Danb, Kazuya Suwabea, Yasushi Kyutokub, Yuhki Yamadaa, Mitsuya Akahoria, Kyeongho Byuna, Morimasa Katoc, Hideaki Soyaa,
A growing number of reports state that regular exercise enhances brain function in older adults. Recently a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study revealed that an acute bout of moderate exercise enhanced activation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC) associated with Stroop interference in young adults. Whether this acute effect is also applicable to older adults was examined. Sixteen older adults performed a color-word matching Stroop task before and after 10 minutes of exercise on a cycle ergometer at a moderate intensity. Cortical hemodynamics of the prefrontal area was monitored with a fNIRS during the Stroop task. We analyzed Stroop interference (incongruent-neutral) as Stroop performance. Though activation for Stroop interference was found in the bilateral prefrontal area before the acute bout of exercise, activation of the right frontopolar area (R-FPA) was enhanced after exercise. In the majority of participants, this coincided with improved performance reflected in Stroop interference results. Thus, an acute bout of moderate exercise improved Stroop performance in older adults, and this was associated with contralateral compensatory activation.
