曾經(jīng)經(jīng)歷過長期壓力的人會在自身的情緒和清晰思考能力方面產(chǎn)生負面影響,新的一項研究揭示了人類大腦神經(jīng)中的一種新的機制,,這種機制是重復壓力可以損害人的記憶力,這項研究刊登在了國際神經(jīng)學領域權威雜志Neuron上,,而且這項研究也為為什么壓力反應可以引起眾多精神疾病提供了新的見解,。
眾所周知,應激激素可以影響額前葉皮質(PFC),,PFC是大腦中的一塊區(qū)域,,可以控制大腦的高水平執(zhí)行功能,比如工作記憶和決策的決定,“以前的研究表明,,慢性的壓力的可以損害PFC相關的行為,,比如神經(jīng)的靈活性和精神的注意力等,然而,,對于壓力引起的生理性后果和PFC中長期壓力的分子靶點,,尤其是在青春期大腦遇到過更多的壓力時,我們卻知之甚少,。”研究者表示,。
研究者用幼鼠進行相關實驗,,觀察是否重復的壓力可以對谷氨酸受體有負面的影響,,谷氨酸信號在PFC功能的正常發(fā)揮上扮演著重要的作用,結果表明,,在面對重復壓力時,,幼鼠大腦中的谷氨酸受體明顯減少,進而引起PFC相關的認知行為和活動的缺失,,研究者識別出了壓力引起谷氨酸受體減少的分子機制,,并且表示,如果破壞這些分子機制的話,,因為壓力引起的谷氨酸受體水平的降低以及認知行為的缺失便會恢復,。
研究者識別出的谷氨酸受體的缺失是重復壓力和慢性壓力導致的PFC功能異常的主要靶點因素,研究者最后表示,,因為PFC的功能障礙可以引起多樣性的壓力相關的精神疾病,,研究壓力影響PFC的分子機制,對于我們更清楚的了解壓力在影響身心疾病中所扮演的角色方面至關重要,。(生物谷T.Shen編譯)
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.12.033
PMC:
PMID:
Repeated Stress Causes Cognitive Impairment by Suppressing Glutamate Receptor Expression and Function in Prefrontal Cortex
Eunice Y. Yuen1, 2, Jing Wei1, 2, Wenhua Liu1, Ping Zhong1, Xiangning Li1, Zhen Yan1,
Chronic stress could trigger maladaptive changes associated with stress-related mental disorders; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we found that exposing juvenile male rats to repeated stress significantly impaired the temporal order recognition memory, a cognitive process controlled by the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Concomitantly, significantly reduced AMPAR- and NMDAR-mediated synaptic transmission and glutamate receptor expression were found in PFC pyramidal neurons from repeatedly stressed animals. All these effects relied on activation of glucocorticoid receptors and the subsequent enhancement of ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated degradation of GluR1 and NR1 subunits, which was controlled by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-1 and Fbx2, respectively. Inhibition of proteasomes or knockdown of Nedd4-1 and Fbx2 in PFC prevented the loss of glutamatergic responses and recognition memory in stressed animals. Our results suggest that repeated stress dampens PFC glutamatergic transmission by facilitating glutamate receptor turnover, which causes the detrimental effect on PFC-dependent cognitive processes.