瑞典一項(xiàng)最新研究顯示,,常吃巧克力能降低男性中風(fēng)幾率。這一研究結(jié)果遭到美國神經(jīng)病學(xué)家查德·B·利布曼的質(zhì)疑,。他認(rèn)為研究依據(jù)不足,,勸誡人們不要輕信。
助防中風(fēng)
瑞典研究人員隨訪3.7萬名年齡在49歲至75歲的瑞典男性10年,,發(fā)現(xiàn)吃巧克力有助降低中風(fēng)幾率,。研究人員記錄研究對(duì)象巧克力和其他食物的攝入量,并了解調(diào)查對(duì)象體重,、飲食習(xí)慣,、是否吸煙、是否患高血壓等信息,。
10年間,,1995名男性發(fā)生初次中風(fēng)。與不吃巧克力的男性相比,,每1萬名愛吃巧克力男性的中風(fēng)數(shù)要少1.2人,。
研究負(fù)責(zé)人、卡羅琳醫(yī)學(xué)院的蘇珊娜·拉松說,,綜合全部因素,,愛吃巧克力男性的中風(fēng)率比其他男性低17%。
拉松去年帶領(lǐng)研究團(tuán)隊(duì)研究3.3萬瑞典女性,,得出相似結(jié)論,。
方法缺陷
上述研究結(jié)論遭到美國庫欣神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究所副主席利布曼的質(zhì)疑。
他說,,瑞典研究人員采用觀察性研究方法獲得結(jié)論,。這意味著,研究人員事先已確定研究結(jié)論,,比如,喜歡吃巧克力的人中風(fēng)幾率小,。這樣得出的結(jié)果無法證明其因果關(guān)系,。并且,其他不可測(cè)因素可能同樣影響巧克力與中風(fēng)的關(guān)聯(lián),。比如,,喜歡吃巧克力的人可能本身就比不吃巧克力的人健康,他們或許因身體健康,,才敢“沉溺”于巧克力,。
他建議采用臨床對(duì)照法展開研究,但認(rèn)為實(shí)驗(yàn)可操作性較低,,原因之一是部分實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象要在長時(shí)間內(nèi)大量攝入糖,、脂肪和熱量,,可能損害健康。
利布曼說,,先前已有人提出,,吃巧克力有益心血管健康,能夠降低心臟病,、中風(fēng)和高血壓幾率,,卻都未能證明,這次也不例外,。
專家勸誡
拉松說,,有理由相信巧克力有助降低中風(fēng)幾率。她在《神經(jīng)病學(xué)》雜志上發(fā)表研究報(bào)告說:“吃巧克力對(duì)中風(fēng)的積極預(yù)防作用與巧克力中所含類黃酮有關(guān),。”
類黃酮是一種化合物,,有抗氧化作用。先前研究顯示,,類黃酮對(duì)血壓,、膽固醇和血管功能產(chǎn)生積極影響。
利布曼對(duì)拉松的解釋并不買賬,。他說,,類黃酮并不僅存于巧克力中,各種植物果實(shí),、蔬菜,、堅(jiān)果、大豆,、茶和紅酒中同樣含有類黃酮,,漿果、柑橘,、蘋果,、羽衣甘藍(lán)、菠菜,、西藍(lán)花中類黃酮含量不低,。
路透社30日援引他的話報(bào)道:“人們有必要保守地對(duì)待與巧克力相關(guān)的新聞。” 利布曼勸誡人們“一切適量”,,“如果你先前就喜歡吃巧克力,,不必停下來……但你不能依據(jù)這個(gè)研究結(jié)果勸誡他人多吃巧克力”。“想想那可能帶來的消極影響,,如肥胖癥和Ⅱ型糖尿病,。”(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e31826aacfa
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Chocolate consumption and risk of stroke
Susanna C. Larsson, PhD, Jarmo Virtamo, MD and Alicja Wolk, DMSc
Objective: To investigate the association between chocolate consumption and risk of stroke in men and conduct a meta-analysis to summarize available evidence from prospective studies of chocolate consumption and stroke. Methods: We prospectively followed 37,103 men in the Cohort of Swedish Men. Chocolate consumption was assessed at baseline using a food-frequency questionnaire. Cases of first stroke were ascertained from the Swedish Hospital Discharge Registry. For the meta-analysis, pertinent studies were identified by searching the PubMed and EMBASE databases through January 13, 2012. Study-specific results were combined using a random-effects model. Results: During 10.2 years of follow-up, we ascertained 1,995 incident stroke cases, including 1,511 cerebral infarctions, 321 hemorrhagic strokes, and 163 unspecified strokes. High chocolate consumption was associated with a lower risk of stroke. The multivariable relative risk of stroke comparing the highest quartile of chocolate consumption (median 62.9 g/week) with the lowest quartile (median 0 g/week) was 0.83 (95% CI 0.70–0.99). The association did not differ by stroke subtypes. In a meta-analysis of 5 studies, with a total of 4,260 stroke cases, the overall relative risk of stroke for the highest vs lowest category of chocolate consumption was 0.81 (95% CI 0.73–0.90), without heterogeneity among studies (p = 0.47). Conclusion: These findings suggest that moderate chocolate consumption may lower the risk of stroke.