來自約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)Kimmel癌癥中心和費(fèi)城兒童醫(yī)院(CHOP)的科學(xué)家們在對74個兒童神經(jīng)母細(xì)胞瘤進(jìn)行全基因組測序后,,發(fā)現(xiàn)ARID1A和ARID1B兩個基因發(fā)生改變的患兒相比無此基因改變的患兒生存期縮短了四分之三。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)有可能最終導(dǎo)致早期確認(rèn)患有侵襲性神經(jīng)母細(xì)胞瘤的兒童,,他們或許需要接受其他的治療,。相關(guān)論文發(fā)表在12月2日的《自然遺傳學(xué)》(Nature Genetics)雜志上,。
神經(jīng)母細(xì)胞瘤累及全身神經(jīng)組織,是最常見的一種兒童惡性實(shí)體瘤,。約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)癌癥生物學(xué)計(jì)劃聯(lián)合主任,、腫瘤學(xué)教授Victor Velculescu 博士說:“這些癌癥具有廣泛的臨床結(jié)局,一些治愈的機(jī)會很高,,而另一些則是相當(dāng)致命的,。出現(xiàn)這種預(yù)后多樣性,部分原因可能是由于ARID1A和ARID1B基因的改變,。”
Velculescu說在以往其他的神經(jīng)母細(xì)胞瘤基因測序研究中沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)這些強(qiáng)大的“惡棍”(bully)基因,。新研究能鑒別出它們,很有可能是因?yàn)榧s翰霍普金斯大學(xué)CHOP的研究人員采用測序和分析方法,,除找到了單個堿基對序列的改變,,還篩查了DNA更大的結(jié)構(gòu)重排。
在本研究的74個腫瘤中,,有71個進(jìn)行了重排和堿基對改變分析,。研究人員在過去顯示與神經(jīng)母細(xì)胞瘤有關(guān)聯(lián)的多個基因,包括ALK和MYCN基因中發(fā)現(xiàn)了癌癥特異性的突變,。他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)71名患者中8人有ARID1A和ARID1B基因的改變,,這兩個基因通常情況下通過調(diào)控DNA折疊方式來影響蛋白質(zhì)合成。
具有ARID1A和ARID1B基因改變的兒童平均生存期只有386天,,相比之下沒有這些遺傳變異的兒童則達(dá)到1,689天,兩者相差甚遠(yuǎn),。然而除一人之外,,所有這些患者均死于侵襲性疾病,,包括一名被認(rèn)為治愈機(jī)會很高的神經(jīng)母細(xì)胞瘤患兒。
在本研究中,,科學(xué)家們還檢測和監(jiān)控了四名患者血液中神經(jīng)母細(xì)胞瘤特異性的遺傳改變,并將確定了這些調(diào)查結(jié)果與疾病進(jìn)程之間的相互關(guān)聯(lián),。
“在血液中尋找癌癥特異性的改變,,可能有助于臨床醫(yī)生監(jiān)控患者的復(fù)發(fā)情況,,確定手術(shù)后體內(nèi)是否還有殘留癌細(xì)胞,”本研究的首席科學(xué)家之一,、約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)研究生Mark Sausen說。
約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)CHOP研究小組計(jì)劃在更大規(guī)模組群患者中開展進(jìn)一步地研究,,以證實(shí)ARID1A-ARID1B與預(yù)后相關(guān),。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi: 10.1038/ng.2493
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Integrated genomic analyses identify ARID1A and ARID1B alterations in the childhood cancer neuroblastoma
Sausen M, Leary RJ, Jones S, Wu J, Reynolds CP, Liu X, Blackford A, Parmigiani G, Diaz LA Jr, Papadopoulos N, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, Velculescu VE, Hogarty MD.
Neuroblastomas are tumors of peripheral sympathetic neurons and are the most common solid tumor in children. To determine the genetic basis for neuroblastoma, we performed whole-genome sequencing (6 cases), exome sequencing (16 cases), genome-wide rearrangement analyses (32 cases) and targeted analyses of specific genomic loci (40 cases) using massively parallel sequencing. On average, each tumor had 19 somatic alterations in coding genes (range of 3-70). Among genes not previously known to be involved in neuroblastoma, chromosomal deletions and sequence alterations of the chromatin-remodeling genes ARID1A and ARID1B were identified in 8 of 71 tumors (11%) and were associated with early treatment failure and decreased survival. Using tumor-specific structural alterations, we developed an approach to identify rearranged DNA fragments in sera, providing personalized biomarkers for minimal residual disease detection and monitoring. These results highlight the dysregulation of chromatin remodeling in pediatric tumorigenesis and provide new approaches for the management of patients with neuroblastoma.