孤獨癥譜系障礙ASD的癥狀包括社交技能減弱,、交流能力受損和重復性行為等,。日前,研究人員在ASD小鼠實驗中,,成功使大腦中過量的蛋白合成回復正常,,治愈了小鼠的上述孤獨癥行為。相關文章發(fā)表在最近一期的Nature雜志上,。
孤獨癥是一種通常起病于3歲之前,,以明顯的社會交往障礙、言語溝通異常以及刻板的行為方式為特征,,是一種廣泛發(fā)育障礙,,至今還沒有可治愈的藥物。“開發(fā)一種藥物治療孤獨癥譜系障礙并不容易,,而我們的發(fā)現(xiàn)為人們提供了一條頗有潛力的途徑,,”文章資深作者,紐約大學神經科學中心的Eric Klann教授說,。“這項研究不僅證實了相關疾病的一些共同聯(lián)系,,也展示了治愈孤獨癥譜系障礙令人興奮的可能性。”
EIF4E基因的突變與孤獨癥有關,,這種突變會導致eIF4E蛋白過量合成,,增加eIF4E蛋白的水平,。eIF4E蛋白過量合成也在脆性X綜合癥FXS等許多神經障礙中具有重要影響。因此,,研究人員針對EIF4E基因展開了研究,。
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),eIF4E蛋白合成水平過高的小鼠表現(xiàn)出類似孤獨癥的行為,,包括反復埋石頭等重復性行為,、社交減少以及行為缺乏靈活性(無法通過稍作修改的迷宮)。研究還顯示,,在這些小鼠與異常行為有關的大腦區(qū)域中,,神經元間的通訊也發(fā)生了改變。
研究人員利用藥物4EGI-1來減少eIF4E蛋白的合成水平,,希望能夠使患病小鼠的蛋白合成回復到正常水平,,從而逆轉類孤獨癥行為。
實驗結果顯示,,接受治療的小鼠重復性行為減少,,與其它小鼠的交流增多,并且成功通過了稍作修改的迷宮,,說明其行為的靈活性增強,。研究人員指出,這些小鼠大腦中eIF4E蛋白的合成水平回復到了與正常小鼠相當的水平,。
這項研究為人們提供了寶貴的孤獨癥小鼠模型,用這一模型可以方便地測試許多靶標eIF4E的藥物,。研究人員還指出,,人們所開發(fā)的靶標eIF4E的癌癥治療藥物,也將有望用于治療孤獨癥患者,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1038/nature11782
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Exaggerated translation causes synaptic and behavioural aberrations associated with autism
Emanuela Santini, Thu N. Huynh, Andrew F. MacAskill, Adam G. Carter, Philippe Pierre,Davide Ruggero, Hanoch Kaphzan & Eric Klann
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are an early onset, heterogeneous group of heritable neuropsychiatric disorders with symptoms that include deficits in social interaction skills, impaired communication abilities, and ritualistic-like repetitive behaviours1, 2. One of the hypotheses for a common molecular mechanism underlying ASDs is altered translational control resulting in exaggerated protein synthesis3. Genetic variants in chromosome 4q, which contains the EIF4Elocus, have been described in patients with autism4, 5. Importantly, a rare single nucleotide polymorphism has been identified in autism that is associated with increased promoter activity in theEIF4E gene6. Here we show that genetically increasing the levels of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) in mice7 results in exaggerated cap-dependent translation and aberrant behaviours reminiscent of autism, including repetitive and perseverative behaviours and social interaction deficits. Moreover, these autistic-like behaviours are accompanied by synaptic pathophysiology in the medial prefrontal cortex, striatum and hippocampus. The autistic-like behaviours displayed by the eIF4E-transgenic mice are corrected by intracerebroventricular infusions of the cap-dependent translation inhibitor 4EGI-1. Our findings demonstrate a causal relationship between exaggerated cap-dependent translation, synaptic dysfunction and aberrant behaviours associated with autism.