本周的《科學(xué)》雜志中有2項(xiàng)研究描述了研究人員如何用光遺傳學(xué)——這是一種采用光學(xué)纖維光來操縱大腦的電與生物化學(xué)信號的技術(shù)——來探索強(qiáng)迫癥或稱OCD的基礎(chǔ)病因,。這種疾病的特點(diǎn)是不必要的、侵入性想法(強(qiáng)迫觀念)及重復(fù)性,、強(qiáng)迫性行為(強(qiáng)迫行為),;它嚴(yán)重?fù)p害著全世界數(shù)百萬受其影響的人。Susanne Ahmari及其同事在小鼠腦內(nèi)植入了光電極并用它們來刺激眶額皮層(OFC)和紋狀體腹內(nèi)側(cè)區(qū)域(VMS)內(nèi)的神經(jīng)元,這些區(qū)域先前與人類的OCD有關(guān)聯(lián),。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),,在幾天的時(shí)間內(nèi)對這些大腦區(qū)域每天進(jìn)行僅5分鐘的反復(fù)光遺傳學(xué)刺激會引起小鼠理毛行為的增加,理毛是與OCD有關(guān)的小鼠行為,。據(jù)研究人員披露,,在光遺傳學(xué)刺激之后,這種強(qiáng)迫性理毛行為在小鼠中會持續(xù)2周,,并在這種刺激之后約6天,OFC及VMS中的神經(jīng)元會自己放電,,且強(qiáng)迫性理毛不再需要由光遺傳學(xué)刺激來觸發(fā),。然而,據(jù)研究人員說,,氟西汀這種治療OCD的第一線藥物可用來終止該強(qiáng)迫行為,。
在另外一份報(bào)告中,Eric Burguière及其同事解釋了他們是如何用光遺傳學(xué)來阻斷缺失Sapap3基因的小鼠的重復(fù)性,、強(qiáng)迫性行為的,,這些小鼠被設(shè)計(jì)成缺失Sapap3基因,該基因的缺失會引起過度的理毛行為,。研究人員在小鼠腦中的內(nèi)側(cè)紋狀體區(qū)域發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)缺陷并用光遺傳學(xué)來刺激外側(cè)OFC中的神經(jīng)元——它們能夠?qū)υ撊毕葸M(jìn)行代償并消除該強(qiáng)迫行為,。總而言之,,這些發(fā)現(xiàn)提示,,OCD可能由少量但反復(fù)性的異常神經(jīng)元活動的陣陣迸發(fā)所致。這些研究成果還提示了治療以重復(fù)行為為特征的疾病的新方法,。一篇由Scott Rauch和William CarlezonJr.撰寫的《觀點(diǎn)欄目》文章更為詳細(xì)地解釋了這些發(fā)現(xiàn)以及它們的涵義,。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦的英文摘要
Science DOI:10.1126/science.1234733
Repeated Cortico-Striatal Stimulation Generates Persistent OCD-Like Behavior
Susanne E. Ahmari, Timothy Spellman, Neria L. Douglass, Mazen A. Kheirbek, H. Blair Simpson, Karl Deisseroth, Joshua A. Gordon, and René Hen
Although cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuit dysregulation is correlated with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), causation cannot be tested in humans. We used optogenetics in mice to simulate CSTC hyperactivation observed in OCD patients. Whereas acute orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)–ventromedial striatum (VMS) stimulation did not produce repetitive behaviors, repeated hyperactivation over multiple days generated a progressive increase in grooming, a mouse behavior related to OCD. Increased grooming persisted for 2 weeks after stimulation cessation. The grooming increase was temporally coupled with a progressive increase in light-evoked firing of postsynaptic VMS cells. Both increased grooming and evoked firing were reversed by chronic fluoxetine, a first-line OCD treatment. Brief but repeated episodes of abnormal circuit activity may thus set the stage for the development of persistent psychopathology.