血液蛋白吸附可降低碳納米管的細(xì)胞毒性,，由此人體血液系統(tǒng)或可建立針對(duì)外來納米物質(zhì)的防御方法,。近日,，美國(guó)《國(guó)家科學(xué)院院刊》（PNAS）在線發(fā)表了中科院納米安全性重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室主任趙宇亮等人的這一研究成果,。
研究人員在研究碳納米管與血液系統(tǒng)相互作用過程與其毒理學(xué)效應(yīng)機(jī)制時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn),，當(dāng)碳納米管進(jìn)入含有人血液蛋白的溶液中時(shí),，血液中的主要蛋白（如纖維蛋白原,、免疫球蛋白等）會(huì)在碳納米管的表面進(jìn)行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性吸附，形成不同外形的所謂“王冠”形狀的蛋白—碳管復(fù)合物,。此種復(fù)合物能降低納米碳管對(duì)不同種類細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞毒性,。這表明碳納米管在進(jìn)入體內(nèi)后，表面容易吸附血液蛋白,，從而大大降低其細(xì)胞毒性,，提高其生物安全性。
近年來，碳納米管的應(yīng)用十分廣泛,，其生物安全性是目前研究較多但也爭(zhēng)論較多的問題之一,。“納米安全性被認(rèn)為是納米技術(shù)走向?qū)嶋H應(yīng)用的最大瓶頸之一。”趙宇亮表示,。此項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果被認(rèn)為對(duì)理解碳納米管及其他納米顆粒的體內(nèi)細(xì)胞毒性和設(shè)計(jì)安全的納米材料具有重要意義,。（生物谷 Bioon.com）
doi:10.1073/pnas.1105270108
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Binding of blood proteins to carbon nanotubes reduces cytotoxicity
Ge, Cuicui; Du, Jiangfeng; Zhao, Lina; Wang, Liming; Liu, Ying; Li, Denghua; Yang, Yanlian; Zhou, Ruhong; Zhao, Yuliang; Chai, Zhifang; Chen, Chunying
With the potential wide uses of nanoparticles such as carbon nanotubes in biomedical applications, and the growing concerns of nanotoxicity of these engineered nanoparticles, the importance of nanoparticle–protein interactions cannot be stressed enough. In this study, we use both experimental and theoretical approaches, including atomic force microscope images, fluorescence spectroscopy, CD, SDS-PAGE, and molecular dynamics simulations, to investigate the interactions of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with human serum proteins, and find a competitive binding of these proteins with different adsorption capacity and packing modes. The π-π stacking interactions between SWCNTs and aromatic residues (Trp, Phe, Tyr) are found to play a critical role in determining their adsorption capacity. Additional cellular cytotoxicity assays, with human acute monocytic leukemia cell line and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, reveal that the competitive bindings of blood proteins on the SWCNT surface can greatly alter their cellular interaction pathways and result in much reduced cytotoxicity for these protein-coated SWCNTs, according to their respective adsorption capacity. These findings have shed light toward the design of safe carbon nanotube nanomaterials by comprehensive preconsideration of their interactions with human serum proteins.
