多氟化合物(polyfluorinated compounds, PFCs)是一種含氟的化學(xué)物，用于多種多樣的產(chǎn)品中,，從不沾鍋廚具到紙盤和微波爐爆米花袋,。接觸PFCs的兒童對(duì)接種抵抗破傷風(fēng)之類的傳染性疾病的疫苗可能不能作出反應(yīng)。根據(jù)發(fā)表在Journal of the American Medical Association期刊上的一項(xiàng)研究,，血液中PFC水平增加與疫苗失效風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提高3倍存在關(guān)聯(lián),。
美國哈佛公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院環(huán)境傳染病學(xué)家Philippe Grandjean和他的同事們在丹麥測量了587名兒童身上的PFC水平，其中這些兒童可以分為仍然處于母親子宮中,、年齡5歲(他們接受加強(qiáng)疫苗注射時(shí))和7歲,。他們也測量了接種抵抗疾病的疫苗產(chǎn)生的抗體水平。在他們接受疫苗加強(qiáng)注射時(shí),，這些兒童中大約26%有較低的抵抗破傷風(fēng)的抗體水平,，而且37%也有較低地免受白喉的能力。在出生前有最高PFC水平的兒童當(dāng)他們長大時(shí)有著最低的抗體保護(hù)水平,。
Grandjean猜測這種關(guān)聯(lián)是PFCs傷害免疫系統(tǒng)的結(jié)果,。美國國家環(huán)境衛(wèi)生科學(xué)研究所免疫學(xué)家Dori Germole告訴《自然》期刊，“這篇論文的數(shù)據(jù)跟過去幾年利用實(shí)驗(yàn)室動(dòng)物發(fā)表的論文中的數(shù)據(jù)非常吻合,。這些化合物是免疫抑制劑,。”
Grandjean研究小組之前的流行病學(xué)研究也將多氯聯(lián)苯(polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs)與免疫損傷連接起來，但是PFCs似乎有著更強(qiáng)的抑制效果,。在美國,，人們已經(jīng)完全停止生產(chǎn)一些PFCs，但是Grandjean說這些結(jié)果需要人們重新考慮一下對(duì)這些化學(xué)物制定法規(guī)的方式,。他告訴《自然》期刊,，“人們沒有施加足夠的壓力阻止生產(chǎn)有發(fā)育毒性的PFCs成為優(yōu)先選擇。這確實(shí)是一個(gè)更加大的問題,。” (生物谷：towersimper編譯)
延伸閱讀：
EST：首次證實(shí)辦公室空氣中和員工血液里的潛在毒性PFC水平存在關(guān)聯(lián)
doi:10.1001/jama.2011.2034
PMC:
PMID:
Serum Vaccine Antibody Concentrations in Children Exposed to Perfluorinated Compounds
Philippe Grandjean, MD, DMSc; Elisabeth Wreford Andersen, PhD; Esben Budtz-Jørgensen, PhD; Flemming Nielsen, PhD; Kåre Mølbak, MD, DMSc; Pal Weihe, MD; Carsten Heilmann, MD, DMSc
Context Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have emerged as important food contaminants. They cause immune suppression in a rodent model at serum concentrations similar to those occurring in the US population, but adverse health effects of PFC exposure are poorly understood.
Objective To determine whether PFC exposure is associated with antibody response to childhood vaccinations.
Design, Setting, and Participants Prospective study of a birth cohort from the National Hospital in the Faroe Islands. A total of 656 consecutive singleton births were recruited during 1997-2000, and 587 participated in follow-up through 2008.
Main Outcome Measures Serum antibody concentrations against tetanus and diphtheria toxoids at ages 5 and 7 years.
Results Similar to results of prior studies in the United States, the PFCs with the highest serum concentrations were perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Among PFCs in maternal pregnancy serum, PFOS showed the strongest negative correlations with antibody concentrations at age 5 years, for which a 2-fold greater concentration of exposure was associated with a difference of −39% (95% CI, −55% to −17%) in the diphtheria antibody concentration. PFCs in the child's serum at age 5 years showed uniformly negative associations with antibody levels, especially at age 7 years, except that the tetanus antibody level following PFOS exposure was not statistically significant. In a structural equation model, a 2-fold greater concentration of major PFCs in child serum was associated with a difference of −49% (95% CI, −67% to −23%) in the overall antibody concentration. A 2-fold increase in PFOS and PFOA concentrations at age 5 years was associated with odds ratios between 2.38 (95% CI, 0.89 to 6.35) and 4.20 (95% CI, 1.54 to 11.44) for falling below a clinically protective level of 0.1 IU/mL for tetanus and diphtheria antibodies at age 7 years.
Conclusion Elevated exposures to PFCs were associated with reduced humoral immune response to routine childhood immunizations in children aged 5 and 7 years.
