來自耶路撒冷Hebrew大學(xué)的科學(xué)家最近發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種幫助細(xì)菌“彼此交談”并造成細(xì)菌死亡的因子,,這能幫助發(fā)明新型抗生素藥物,。細(xì)菌是單細(xì)胞生物,但是越來越多的實驗表明細(xì)菌很少表現(xiàn)為分離個體,。它們是群體的成員,,彼此間互相交流,從而表現(xiàn)出某些多細(xì)胞行為,。
在10月26日的《科學(xué)》(Science)上,,科學(xué)家表示他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種大腸桿菌產(chǎn)生的新交流因子,它由細(xì)菌分泌,,并作為細(xì)菌單細(xì)胞間的交流信號,。進行研究的是分子生物學(xué)系Hanna Engelberg-Kulka教授領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的小組,成員包括Ilana Kolodkin-Gal和Ronen Hazan等,。除此之外還有來自醫(yī)學(xué)院的Ariel Gaathon博士,。
大腸桿菌形成的這種因子能激發(fā)細(xì)菌染色體上的自殺模塊,它在壓力環(huán)境下使細(xì)菌死亡,。因此因子被用于產(chǎn)生EDF(胞外死亡因子),。盡管細(xì)胞死亡對單個細(xì)菌是不利的,但通過EDF作用于一個群體能使細(xì)菌成為一個整體,。當(dāng)壓力環(huán)境下EDF被激活時,,細(xì)菌中一個主要群落死亡,剩下的細(xì)菌群落就成為整體,。
了解EDF如何工作能幫助設(shè)計新的有效抗生素,,它能觸發(fā)大腸桿菌或其它細(xì)菌的死亡,其中包括同樣攜帶了“自殺模塊”的病原,。Engelberg-Kulka注意到新發(fā)現(xiàn)的因子是一種全新的生物分子,它是細(xì)菌產(chǎn)生的多肽,。對于科學(xué)家而言確定該因子的化學(xué)特征非常困難,,原因有兩個:它在細(xì)菌群落中微量存在,并且在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的化學(xué)分析方法中會分解,。因此有必要發(fā)明一種新的特殊方法,。科學(xué)家同時還發(fā)現(xiàn)了參與產(chǎn)生交流因子的數(shù)個基因,。(教育部科技發(fā)展中心)
原文鏈接:http://www.physorg.com/news112885276.html
原始出處:
Science 26 October 2007:
Vol. 318. no. 5850, pp. 652 - 655
DOI: 10.1126/science.1147248
A Linear Pentapeptide Is a Quorum-Sensing Factor Required for mazEF-Mediated Cell Death in Escherichia coli
Ilana Kolodkin-Gal,1 Ronen Hazan,1* Ariel Gaathon,2 Shmuel Carmeli,3 Hanna Engelberg-Kulka1
mazEF is a toxin-antitoxin module located on many bacterial chromosomes, including those of pathogens. Here, we report that Escherichia coli mazEF-mediated cell death is a population phenomenon requiring a quorum-sensing molecule that we call the extracellular death factor (EDF). Structural analysis revealed that EDF is a linear pentapeptide, Asn-Asn-Trp-Asn-Asn. Each of the five amino acids of EDF is important for its activity.
1 Department of Molecular Biology, Hebrew University–Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
2 Core Research Facility, Hebrew University–Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
3 School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
* Present address: Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]