近兩年來，我國部分地區(qū)相繼發(fā)現(xiàn)一些蜱蟲叮咬所致的病例,。中國疾控中心經(jīng)研究，確定一種新型布尼亞病毒是這類“蜱咬病”的元兇,。
17日出版的國際權(quán)威醫(yī)學(xué)刊物《新英格蘭醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》刊登了中國疾控中心的這一最新研究成果,。這是國際上首次發(fā)現(xiàn)這一布尼亞科病毒。目前該病毒被命名為發(fā)熱伴血小板減少綜合征布尼亞病毒（SFTSV）,，簡稱新布尼亞病毒,。
中國疾控中心主任王宇說，新布尼亞病毒的發(fā)現(xiàn),，是繼SARS冠狀病毒發(fā)現(xiàn)以來全球在病原學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域中的又一個重大突破,，得到了國際科學(xué)界的重視和認(rèn)同，表明我國病原學(xué)及新發(fā)傳染病的研究達(dá)到一個更高水平,。
近兩年,，我國部分地區(qū)陸續(xù)報告了以發(fā)熱,、胃腸道癥狀、血小板減少和白細(xì)胞減少為主要臨床表現(xiàn)的感染性病例,，少數(shù)患者因多器官衰竭死亡的情況,。針對這一可能的新發(fā)傳染病，在衛(wèi)生部的組織下,，中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心開展了探索研究工作,。2009年，中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心通過國家“海外高層次人才引進(jìn)計劃”（“千人計劃”）引進(jìn)的旅美學(xué)者,、德克薩斯大學(xué)于學(xué)杰教授的研究小組經(jīng)過多方探索,，首先發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種新型布尼亞病毒。2010年5月,，中國疾控中心將該類病例定義為“發(fā)熱伴血小板減少綜合征”,，并開展了病例的主動發(fā)現(xiàn)、搜索等監(jiān)測工作,。
中國疾控中心病毒病所所長李德新帶領(lǐng)實(shí)驗(yàn)室科研人員,，從來自湖北、河南,、山東,、江蘇、安徽和遼寧6省病人血清中分離到一株病毒,，并完成了病毒的全基因序列測定和同源性比較,，通過對病毒基因結(jié)構(gòu)和形態(tài)特征的詳細(xì)分析，確定該病毒為一種新型布尼亞病毒,。
同時,，中國疾控中心病毒病所檢測了600余份患者或健康人的血清，用大量病例證明了新布尼亞病毒和發(fā)熱伴血小板減少綜合征的因果關(guān)系,。
李德新介紹說,，研究明確了新布尼亞病毒致病的臨床和流行病學(xué)特征?；颊叩闹饕R床表現(xiàn)為發(fā)熱,、消化道癥狀、血小板減少,、白細(xì)胞減少,、肝腎功能損害，部分患者有出血表現(xiàn),。該病主要發(fā)生在丘陵,、山區(qū)，患者以從事農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的成年農(nóng)民為主,，部分患者被蜱叮咬,。流行期為4－10月,，流行高峰為5－7月。
“對于發(fā)現(xiàn)不同以往的傳染病病例時,，能否準(zhǔn)確及時明確病因,、鑒定病原體，是有效控制傳染病,、防止疫情擴(kuò)散的關(guān)鍵,。”李德新說，新布尼亞病毒的發(fā)現(xiàn)首先得益于我國的傳染病和突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件網(wǎng)絡(luò)直報系統(tǒng),，其次得益于疾病預(yù)防控制系統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)室建設(shè),。
據(jù)了解，中國疾控中心已對全國疾控系統(tǒng)專業(yè)人員進(jìn)行疾病檢測和診斷培訓(xùn),，并制備了大量的實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測試劑分發(fā)到各省,，使各省都能夠開展發(fā)熱伴血小板減少綜合征的實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原文出處：
The New England Journal of Medicine doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1010095
Fever with Thrombocytopenia Associated with a Novel Bunyavirus in China
Xue-Jie Yu, M.D., Ph.D., Mi-Fang Liang, M.D., Shou-Yin Zhang, Ph.D., Yan Liu, M.D., Jian-Dong Li, Ph.D., Yu-Lan Sun, M.D., Lihong Zhang M.D., Quan-Fu Zhang, B.Sc., Vsevolod L. Popov, Ph.D., Chuan Li, B.Sc., Jing Qu, B.Sc., Qun Li, M.D., Yan-Ping Zhang, M.D., Rong Hai, M.D., Wei Wu, M.Sc., Qin Wang, Ph.D., Fa-Xian Zhan, Ph.D., Xian-Jun Wang, M.D., Biao Kan, Ph.D., Shi-Wen Wang, Ph.D., Kang-Lin Wan, Ph.D., Huai-Qi Jing, M.D., Jin-Xin Lu, M.D., Wen-Wu Yin, M.Ph., Hang Zhou, M.S, Xu-Hua Guan, Ph.D., Jia-Fa Liu, M.D., Zhen-Qiang Bi, Ph.D., Guo-Hua Liu, M.D., Jun Ren, M.D., Hua Wang, M.D., Zhuo Zhao, M.D., Jing-Dong Song, M.Sc., Jin-Rong He, B.Sc., Tao Wan, Ph.D., Jing-Shan Zhang, M.S., Xiu-Ping Fu, M.S., Li-Na Sun, Ph.D., Xiao-Ping Dong, Ph.D., Zi-Jian Feng, M.D., Wei-Zhong Yang, M.D., Tao Hong, M.D., Yu Zhang, M.D., David H. Walker, M.D., Yu Wang, M.D., Ph.D., and De-Xin Li, M.D.
Background
Heightened surveillance of acute febrile illness in China since 2009 has led to the identification of a severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) with an unknown cause. Infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum has been suggested as a cause, but the pathogen has not been detected in most patients on laboratory testing.
Methods
We obtained blood samples from patients with the case definition of SFTS in six provinces in China. The blood samples were used to isolate the causal pathogen by inoculation of cell culture and for detection of viral RNA on polymerase-chain-reaction assay. The pathogen was characterized on electron microscopy and nucleic acid sequencing. We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indirect immunofluorescence assay, and neutralization testing to analyze the level of virus-specific antibody in patients' serum samples.
Results
We isolated a novel virus, designated SFTS bunyavirus, from patients who presented with fever, thrombocytopenia, leukocytopenia, and multiorgan dysfunction. RNA sequence analysis revealed that the virus was a newly identified member of the genus phlebovirus in the Bunyaviridae family. Electron-microscopical examination revealed virions with the morphologic characteristics of a bunyavirus. The presence of the virus was confirmed in 171 patients with SFTS from six provinces by detection of viral RNA, specific antibodies to the virus in blood, or both. Serologic assays showed a virus-specific immune response in all 35 pairs of serum samples collected from patients during the acute and convalescent phases of the illness.
Conclusions
A novel phlebovirus was identified in patients with a life-threatening illness associated with fever and thrombocytopenia in China. (Funded by the China Mega-Project for Infectious Diseases and others.)
