近日,，國際著名雜志PloS Pathogen在線刊登了美國普渡大學(xué)和西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)聯(lián)合的最新研究成果“Functional Analysis of the Kinome of the Wheat Scab Fungus Fusarium graminearum,，”，文章中,，作者對(duì)小麥斑點(diǎn)病真菌-禾谷鐮刀菌中的蛋白激酶進(jìn)行了全面的功能分析,，并且得出結(jié)論,，很多蛋白激酶基因?qū)τ诤坦如牭毒陌l(fā)育以及致病性不可或缺,。
文章的作者是美國普渡大學(xué)植物與植物病理系的許金榮教授,，國家“千人計(jì)劃”的入選者，現(xiàn)為西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)植物保護(hù)學(xué)院二級(jí)教授,，許金榮教授至今已發(fā)表60余篇期刊文章,，在國際知名雜志Science、Nature,、PNAS,、Genes & Development、Plant Cell等上均有文章發(fā)表,。
在真核生物中,，通過蛋白激酶所進(jìn)行的反向蛋白磷酸化涉及生長和發(fā)展的調(diào)節(jié)以及對(duì)環(huán)境刺激的反應(yīng)，在細(xì)胞中大約有30%的蛋白會(huì)進(jìn)行磷酸化,，真核生物蛋白激酶（PK）超家族包含了常規(guī)和非常規(guī)的蛋白激酶,，常規(guī)的蛋白激酶根據(jù)氨基酸序列、結(jié)構(gòu)域以及調(diào)節(jié)模式可以分為8組,，分別為AGC,，GAMK，CK1,，CMGC,，RGC，STE,，TK,，TK1，帶有保守激酶結(jié)構(gòu)域的蛋白激酶并沒有被分類進(jìn)上面這8組,，而被認(rèn)為是其它的常規(guī)蛋白激酶,；非常規(guī)蛋白激酶缺少顯著的序列，按照蛋白酶的活性被分為Alpha,，PIKK,，PDHK以及RIO四組。
文章中,，研究者從禾谷鐮刀菌中鑒定出了116個(gè)假設(shè)的蛋白激酶基因,，盡管這些基因中有20個(gè)是最基本的基因，其余96個(gè)基因,，研究者破壞其功能得到了96個(gè)基因的突變體,，各個(gè)基因的突變體的表現(xiàn)為生長缺陷，分生孢子受精作用缺失,，發(fā)芽缺失,，不能進(jìn)行壓力反應(yīng)，植物感染能力缺失等表型,；42個(gè)蛋白激酶突變體毒力明顯降低,，不具有致病性，45個(gè)突變體不能夠進(jìn)行有性生殖,，這些基因中,，兩個(gè)對(duì)絲狀真菌特殊的基因被證明在菌絲生長和編碼新的毒性因子方面并不是必要的；
作者運(yùn)用interlog的方法預(yù)測了禾谷鐮刀菌中PK-PK和PK-蛋白質(zhì)之間的作用網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖譜,，其中含有兩個(gè)Cdc2激酶基因和極光激酶基因,，作者最終的研究結(jié)果指出，在禾谷鐮刀菌中,，蛋白激酶基因?qū)τ谠摼亩嘀匕l(fā)育和植物感染過程有非常重要的作用,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
（T.Shen編譯 如有問題請(qǐng)及時(shí)指正）
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002460
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Functional Analysis of the Kinome of the Wheat Scab Fungus Fusarium graminearum
Chenfang Wang1, Shijie Zhang1, Rui Hou1, Zhongtao Zhao1, Qian Zheng1, Qijun Xu1, Dawei Zheng1, Guanghui Wang1,2, Huiquan Liu1, Xuli Gao1, Ji-Wen Ma1, H. Corby Kistler3, Zhensheng Kang1*, Jin-Rong Xu1,2*
As in other eukaryotes, protein kinases play major regulatory roles in filamentous fungi. Although the genomes of many plant pathogenic fungi have been sequenced, systematic characterization of their kinomes has not been reported. The wheat scab fungus Fusarium graminearum has 116 protein kinases (PK) genes. Although twenty of them appeared to be essential, we generated deletion mutants for the other 96 PK genes, including 12 orthologs of essential genes in yeast. All of the PK mutants were assayed for changes in 17 phenotypes, including growth, conidiation, pathogenesis, stress responses, and sexual reproduction. Overall, deletion of 64 PK genes resulted in at least one of the phenotypes examined, including three mutants blocked in conidiation and five mutants with increased tolerance to hyperosmotic stress. In total, 42 PK mutants were significantly reduced in virulence or non-pathogenic, including mutants deleted of key components of the cAMP signaling and three MAPK pathways. A number of these PK genes, including Fg03146 and Fg04770 that are unique to filamentous fungi, are dispensable for hyphal growth and likely encode novel fungal virulence factors. Ascospores play a critical role in the initiation of wheat scab. Twenty-six PK mutants were blocked in perithecia formation or aborted in ascosporogenesis. Additional 19 mutants were defective in ascospore release or morphology. Interestingly, F. graminearum contains two aurora kinase genes with distinct functions, which has not been reported in fungi. In addition, we used the interlog approach to predict the PK-PK and PK-protein interaction networks of F. graminearum. Several predicted interactions were verified with yeast two-hybrid or co-immunoprecipitation assays. To our knowledge, this is the first functional characterization of the kinome in plant pathogenic fungi. Protein kinase genes important for various aspects of growth, developmental, and infection processes in F. graminearum were identified in this study.
