大量生物特征表明,，H7N9禽流感病毒對(duì)人類已構(gòu)成重大威脅。最近,，中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心病毒病預(yù)防控制所國家流感中心主任舒躍龍所帶領(lǐng)的團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)H7N9的生物學(xué)特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究,，相關(guān)研究成果發(fā)表在7月4日出版的《自然》雜志上。
“這些研究成果進(jìn)一步說明H7N9病毒對(duì)人類健康可能產(chǎn)生的威脅,，以及對(duì)該病毒進(jìn)一步開展研究,，加強(qiáng)對(duì)病毒流行和變異的監(jiān)測是十分必要的。”舒躍龍?jiān)诮邮堋吨袊茖W(xué)報(bào)》記者采訪時(shí)表示,。
2013年3月,，一種新型重配的H7N9禽流感病毒在我國長三角地區(qū)被首先發(fā)現(xiàn)，截至7月1日,，共造成132人感染,，其中死亡39例。對(duì)于一種新發(fā)病原,，很多科學(xué)問題還亟須回答,，例如該病毒到底是如何起源的、為什么會(huì)感染人,、能不能造成流感大流行等,。
舒躍龍研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，該新型禽流感病毒能識(shí)別α2,，3糖苷鍵連接的唾液酸受體（禽流感病毒受體）和α2, 6糖苷鍵連接的唾液酸受體（人流感病毒受體）,。從而導(dǎo)致該病毒較H5N1禽流感病毒更容易感染人。并且該病毒可以在人的氣管和肺組織有效復(fù)制,，但在肺部組織的復(fù)制效率遠(yuǎn)高于氣管組織,。“這種復(fù)制效率的差異可能是目前該病毒不能造成有效人際傳播的原因。”舒躍龍說,。
研究顯示,，受H7N9感染的患者會(huì)出現(xiàn)異常高的炎癥和免疫細(xì)胞水平。這個(gè)俗稱“細(xì)胞因子風(fēng)暴”的現(xiàn)象,，可能是導(dǎo)致病情加劇的真正元兇,。
另外，針對(duì)H7N9禽流感病毒人群沒有交叉免疫抗體,，及由此導(dǎo)致的普遍易感性,，舒躍龍指出：“目前的季節(jié)性流感疫苗不能提供對(duì)該病毒的保護(hù)，因此對(duì)該病毒開展疫苗研究是十分必要的,。”（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦英文摘要：
Nature doi:10.1038/nature12379
Biological features of novel avian influenza A (H7N9) virus
Jiangfang Zhou,Dayan Wang, Rongbao Gao,Baihui Zhao,Jingdong Song,Xian Qi,Yanjun Zhang,Yonglin Shi, Lei Yang, Wenfei Zhu, Tian Bai, Kun Qin, Yu Lan,Shumei Zou,Junfeng Guo,Jie Dong,Libo Dong,Ye Zhang,Hejiang Wei,Xiaodan Li,Jian Lu,Liqi Liu,Xiang Zhao, Xiyan Li,Weijuan Huang et al.
Human infection associated with a novel reassortant avian influenza H7N9 virus has recently been identified in China. A total of 132 confirmed cases and 39 deaths have been reported. Most patients presented with severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Although the first epidemic has subsided, the presence of a natural reservoir and the disease severity highlight the need to evaluate its risk on human public health and to understand the possible pathogenesis mechanism. Here we show that the emerging H7N9 avian influenza virus poses a potentially high risk to humans. We discover that the H7N9 virus can bind to both avian-type (α2,3-linked sialic acid) and human-type (α2,6-linked sialic acid) receptors. It can invade epithelial cells in the human lower respiratory tract and type II pneumonocytes in alveoli, and replicated efficiently in ex vivo lung and trachea explant culture and several mammalian cell lines. In acute serum samples of H7N9-infected patients, increased levels of the chemokines and cytokines IP-10, MIG, MIP-1β, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8 and IFN-α were detected. We note that the human population is naive to the H7N9 virus, and current seasonal vaccination could not provide protection.
