根據(jù)新華社東京7月11日報道,，人體腸道內(nèi)充滿細菌，其中的有益細菌有助食物消化,。日本研究人員的一項新發(fā)現(xiàn)顯示,，腸道內(nèi)還有17種細菌能幫助人體調(diào)節(jié)失衡的免疫功能，防止出現(xiàn)炎癥,。
東京大學教授服部正平等領導的研究小組對調(diào)節(jié)體內(nèi)免疫反應的“調(diào)節(jié)T細胞”進行了研究,。該小組在新一期英國學術期刊《自然》上報告說，“調(diào)節(jié)T細胞”屬免疫細胞中的淋巴細胞，為研究能增加“調(diào)節(jié)T細胞”的細菌,，他們反復向在無菌狀態(tài)下飼養(yǎng)的實驗鼠體內(nèi)注入健康人的腸道物質(zhì),，最終發(fā)現(xiàn)17種能調(diào)節(jié)免疫反應的細菌。
據(jù)介紹,，這些細菌都屬于能形成芽孢,、厭氧生長的革蘭氏陽性大桿菌。研究人員將這些細菌注入實驗鼠體內(nèi)后,，實驗鼠的腹瀉和腸炎都痊愈了,。
研究小組還發(fā)現(xiàn)，在與免疫功能失衡相關的潰瘍性大腸炎患者的腸道內(nèi),，上述細菌多數(shù)都減少了,。研究小組認為，通過投放細菌,，有可能治愈上述疾病,。
目前，一些國家的醫(yī)療機構正嘗試向腸炎和相關感染患者體內(nèi)注入健康人的腸道物質(zhì),，以重新實現(xiàn)腸內(nèi)細菌平衡,，但這種治療會同時注入沒有治療意義的細菌。有業(yè)界專家評論指出,，如果這個研究小組的實驗能確定可治療腸炎的細菌種類,，將有助開發(fā)出安全且有效的治療方法。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦的英文摘要
Nature doi:10.1038/nature12331
T induction by a rationally selected mixture of Clostridia strains from the human microbiota
Koji Atarashi, Takeshi Tanoue, Kenshiro Oshima, Wataru Suda, Yuji Nagano, Hiroyoshi Nishikawa, Shinji Fukuda, Takuro Saito, Seiko Narushima, Koji Hase, Sangwan Kim, Joëlle V. Fritz, Paul Wilmes, Satoshi Ueha, Kouji Matsushima, Hiroshi Ohno, Bernat Olle, Shimon Sakaguchi, Tadatsugu Taniguchi, Hidetoshi Morita, Masahira Hattori & Kenya Honda
Manipulation of the gut microbiota holds great promise for the treatment of inflammatory and allergic diseases1, 2. Although numerous probiotic microorganisms have been identified3, there remains a compelling need to discover organisms that elicit more robust therapeutic responses, are compatible with the host, and can affect a specific arm of the host immune system in a well-controlled, physiological manner. Here we use a rational approach to isolate CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg)-cell-inducing bacterial strains from the human indigenous microbiota. Starting with a healthy human faecal sample, a sequence of selection steps was applied to obtain mice colonized with human microbiota enriched in Treg-cell-inducing species. From these mice, we isolated and selected 17 strains of bacteria on the basis of their high potency in enhancing Treg cell abundance and inducing important anti-inflammatory molecules—including interleukin-10 (IL-) and inducible T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS)—in Treg cells upon inoculation into germ-free mice. Genome sequencing revealed that the 17 strains fall within clusters IV, XIVa and XVIII of Clostridia, which lack prominent toxins and virulence factors. The 17 strains act as a community to provide bacterial antigens and a TGF-β-rich environment to help expansion and differentiation of Treg cells. Oral administration of the combination of 17 strains to adult mice attenuated disease in models of colitis and allergic diarrhoea. Use of the isolated strains may allow for tailored therapeutic manipulation of human immune disorders.
