生物谷報道：美國科學(xué)家在6月5日的《細胞—干細胞》（Cell Stem Cell）發(fā)表論文研究嘗試用人體神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)祖細胞醫(yī)治患致命大腦疾病的老鼠,，取得一定效果。科學(xué)家希望今后幾年內(nèi)能把這種新療法用于人體臨床試驗,，醫(yī)治包括先天性遺傳疾病在內(nèi)的多種神經(jīng)疾病。
美國羅切斯特大學(xué)的一個研究小組首先培育出一批神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)生基因突變的小鼠，這些小鼠出生后就顫抖不停。然后科學(xué)家從人類胎兒大腦中提取神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)祖細胞,，并把這些細胞注入小鼠的脊髓。
神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)祖細胞可分化為組成髓磷脂的神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細胞,，髓磷脂是一種重要的蛋白質(zhì),，能幫助神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)傳導(dǎo)信號。
科學(xué)家們?yōu)椋玻吨换疾∮资笞⑸淞松窠?jīng)膠質(zhì)祖細胞,，每只注射量為３０萬個細胞,；對另外５９只幼鼠則不進行任何治療。在實驗開始１５０天后,，沒有接受治療的所有幼鼠全部死亡,，但接受治療的幼鼠中有６只存活下來，其中有４只壽命超過１４個月,。
研究人員過去４年間不斷完善這種特殊的治療技術(shù),，目前可以在５個不同身體部位向小鼠注射神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)祖細胞，以保證這些細胞能夠滲透到小鼠的整個神經(jīng)系統(tǒng),。（生物谷www.bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原始出處：
Cell Stem Cell,，Vol 2, 553-565, 05 June 2008，Martha S. Windrem, Steven A. Goldman
Neonatal Chimerization with Human Glial Progenitor Cells Can Both Remyelinate and Rescue the Otherwise Lethally Hypomyelinated Shiverer Mouse
Martha S. Windrem,1 Steven J. Schanz,1 Min Guo,1 Guo-Feng Tian,2 Vaughn Washco,1 Nancy Stanwood,3 Matthew Rasband,4 Neeta S. Roy,5 Maiken Nedergaard,2 Leif A. Havton,6 Su Wang,1 and Steven A. Goldman1,2,
1 Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
2 Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
4 Department of Neurobiology, Baylor University College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
5 Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
6 Department of Neurology, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
Corresponding author
Steven A. Goldman
[email protected]
Summary
Congenitally hypomyelinated shiverer mice fail to generate compact myelin and die by 18–21 weeks of age. Using multifocal anterior and posterior fossa delivery of sorted fetal human glial progenitor cells into neonatal shiverer × rag2−/− mice, we achieved whole neuraxis myelination of the engrafted hosts, which in a significant fraction of cases rescued this otherwise lethal phenotype. The transplanted mice exhibited greatly prolonged survival with progressive resolution of their neurological deficits. Substantial myelination in multiple regions was accompanied by the acquisition of normal nodes of Ranvier and transcallosal conduction velocities, ultrastructurally normal and complete myelination of most axons, and a restoration of a substantially normal neurological phenotype. Notably, the resultant mice were cerebral chimeras, with murine gray matter but a predominantly human white matter glial composition. These data demonstrate that the neonatal transplantation of human glial progenitor cells can effectively treat disorders of congenital and perinatal hypomyelination.
