美國(guó)加州大學(xué)圣迭戈醫(yī)學(xué)院路德維格癌癥研究所的科學(xué)家日前表示,在一項(xiàng)旨在促進(jìn)癌癥治療效果的研究中,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了在細(xì)胞分裂過(guò)程中收縮環(huán)的作用機(jī)理,。研究顯示,收縮環(huán)的作用是細(xì)胞分裂的一個(gè)重要步驟,,它使得母細(xì)胞分裂成兩個(gè)子細(xì)胞,。相關(guān)文章刊登在新出版的《科學(xué)》雜志上。
收縮環(huán)由肌動(dòng)蛋白和肌球蛋白這兩種蛋白的細(xì)絲組成,,肌動(dòng)蛋白和肌球蛋白常見(jiàn)于肌肉中,。在細(xì)胞分裂過(guò)程中,基因組被復(fù)制,,兩個(gè)復(fù)制品在有絲分裂紡錘體的作用下被分離并移至細(xì)胞的兩旁,。隨后,在紡錘體的指揮下,,收縮環(huán)生成,,它在細(xì)胞中心周?chē)纬梢粋€(gè)帶狀結(jié)構(gòu)。
研究人員表示,,類(lèi)同于肌肉收縮時(shí)的情景,,肌球蛋白絲能沿著肌動(dòng)蛋白絲運(yùn)動(dòng)并緊縮收縮環(huán)。當(dāng)收縮環(huán)緊縮,、細(xì)胞內(nèi)中心周?chē)鷰罱Y(jié)構(gòu)收緊時(shí),,母細(xì)胞被迫分裂成兩個(gè)子細(xì)胞。
路德維格研究所助理教授凱倫·歐伊吉馬博士說(shuō):“通常,,收縮環(huán)由長(zhǎng)而直的肌動(dòng)蛋白絲組成,。肌動(dòng)蛋白絲如同條條跑道,肌球蛋白可在其上運(yùn)動(dòng)以驅(qū)動(dòng)收縮,。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了收縮環(huán)收縮中的一個(gè)重要步驟,,這就是關(guān)閉一個(gè)通道可能會(huì)在這些肌動(dòng)蛋白絲上形成分支,防止它們成為肌球蛋白絲運(yùn)動(dòng)的有效跑道,。”
文章第一作者,、路德維格研究所博士后研究員朱莉·坎曼說(shuō):“該發(fā)現(xiàn)將為旨在改進(jìn)癌癥化療的細(xì)胞分裂深入研究打開(kāi)大門(mén)。”她表示,,目前用于化療的藥物對(duì)人體內(nèi)所有細(xì)胞的分裂均有影響,。如果人們能夠?qū)⒒煹哪繕?biāo)明確地鎖定正在分裂的癌細(xì)胞上,那么就有可能減少副作用,,同時(shí)提高癌癥化療的效率,,讓病人在接受治療的同時(shí)享有更好的生活質(zhì)量。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Science 5 December 2008:DOI: 10.1126/science.1163086
Inhibition of Rac by the GAP Activity of Centralspindlin Is Essential for Cytokinesis
Julie C. Canman,1,2* Lindsay Lewellyn,2 Kimberley Laband,2 Stephen J. Smerdon,3 Arshad Desai,2 Bruce Bowerman,1 Karen Oegema2*
During cytokinesis, the guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) RhoA orchestrates contractile ring assembly and constriction. RhoA signaling is controlled by the central spindle, a set of microtubule bundles that forms between the separating chromosomes. Centralspindlin, a protein complex consisting of the kinesin-6 ZEN-4 and the Rho family GTPase activating protein (GAP) CYK-4, is required for central spindle assembly and cytokinesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. However, the importance of the CYK-4 GAP activity and whether it regulates RhoA remain unclear. We found that two separation-of-function mutations in the GAP domain of CYK-4 lead to cytokinesis defects that mimic centralspindlin loss of function. These defects could be rescued by depletion of the GTPase Rac or its effectors, but not by depletion of RhoA. Thus, inactivation of Rac by centralspindlin functions in parallel with RhoA activation to drive contractile ring constriction during cytokinesis.
1 Institute for Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
2 Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
3 National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK.