加拿大麥吉爾大學(xué)生物化學(xué)系研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),,與核糖核酸相結(jié)合的一種蛋白質(zhì)片斷能夠控制基因的正常表達,其中包括那些在癌癥中活躍的基因,。專家認為,,這是癌癥研究工作的一項重要突破,可立即將其應(yīng)用到實驗室的研究工作中,,并且使目前各國科學(xué)家廣泛開展的癌癥個性化治療工作向前推進了一大步,。相關(guān)研究成果發(fā)表在5月26日《自然》雜志網(wǎng)絡(luò)版上,。
人類細胞需要在合適的時間生產(chǎn)出適度數(shù)量的正常蛋白以維持其健康,。細胞對蛋白生產(chǎn)進行有效控制時,,所采用的重要手段之一就是依靠RNAi干擾,。RNAi干擾是基因沉默的一種形式,,即小片段RNA(又稱microRNA)與它們的遺傳密碼結(jié)合,以阻斷特殊蛋白的生產(chǎn),。然而,不是RNA的任何片段都能夠按此方式行事,。
麥吉爾大學(xué)的哈桑·拉賈爾博士與同事合作,,使用結(jié)構(gòu)生物學(xué)揭開了Argonaute蛋白中的一小段,,即RNAi干擾的關(guān)鍵分子如何能夠選擇正確的微核糖核酸的奧秘,。
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),,RNAi干擾可以促使Argonaute蛋白增加基因靜默,。拉賈爾博士認為,,RNAi干擾可以作為可行的治療方法,,來抑制那些在癌癥等疾病中顯得特別活躍的特殊基因。他表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)掌握了修改微核糖核酸的方法,,可以使其更具效力,,并有希望基于此開發(fā)出治療藥物。研究人員認為,,該發(fā)現(xiàn)要進入實際治療還需時日,,但它為有目的地控制那些非正常蛋白的生產(chǎn)提供了有效方法,。
麥吉爾大學(xué)生化系主任湯姆斯博士認為,,醫(yī)學(xué)界一直期盼有朝一日可以結(jié)束依靠化療方法治療癌癥,而該項發(fā)現(xiàn)朝著癌癥患者個性化基因治療方向邁出了重要的一步,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
Cell:無包膜dsRNA病毒入侵機制
RNAi-miRNA專題
Nature專題
生物谷推薦原文出處:
Nature doi:10.1038/nature09039
Structural basis for 5′-nucleotide base-specific recognition of guide RNA by human AGO2
Filipp Frank1,2,3, Nahum Sonenberg1,2 & Bhushan Nagar1,3
1Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 0B1, Canada
2Goodman Cancer Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 0B1, Canada
3Groupe de Recherche Axe sur la Structure des Proteines, Montréal, Québec H3G 0B1, Canada
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) mediate post-transcriptional gene regulation through association with Argonaute proteins (AGOs)1. Crystal structures of archaeal and bacterial homologues of AGOs have shown that the MID (middle) domain mediates the interaction with the phosphorylated 5′ end of the miRNA guide strand and this interaction is thought to be independent of the identity of the 5′ nucleotide in these systems2, 3. However, analysis of the known sequences of eukaryotic miRNAs and co-immunoprecipitation experiments indicate that there is a clear bias for U or A at the 5′ position4, 5, 6, 7. Here we report the crystal structure of a MID domain from a eukaryotic AGO protein, human AGO2. The structure, in complex with nucleoside monophosphates (AMP, CMP, GMP, and UMP) mimicking the 5′ end of miRNAs, shows that there are specific contacts made between the base of UMP or AMP and a rigid loop in the MID domain. Notably, the structure of the loop discriminates against CMP and GMP and dissociation constants calculated from NMR titration experiments confirm these results, showing that AMP (0.26 mM) and UMP (0.12?mM) bind with up to 30-fold higher affinity than either CMP (3.6?mM) or GMP (3.3?mM). This study provides structural evidence for nucleotide-specific interactions in the MID domain of eukaryotic AGO proteins and explains the observed preference for U or A at the 5′ end of miRNAs.