目前器官移植中常面臨的一個問題是身體會“認生”，即免疫系統(tǒng)會對移植器官產(chǎn)生排異反應。英國研究人員報告說找到了一種讓免疫系統(tǒng)和移植器官提前變成“熟人”的辦法,，能減少器官移植中的排異反應。
英國牛津大學等機構的研究人員在美國新一期《科學—轉化醫(yī)學》（Science Translational Medicine）上報告說,，在這個過程中起關鍵作用的是一種名為調(diào)節(jié)性T細胞的免疫細胞,。這種細胞具有降低免疫反應的功能。領導研究的安德魯·布謝爾介紹說,，免疫系統(tǒng)就像是一支與病毒等外來入侵者作戰(zhàn)的軍隊,，但當戰(zhàn)爭結束后，總要有人來告訴士兵們停止開火,，對免疫系統(tǒng)而言調(diào)節(jié)性T細胞就起著這樣的作用,。
因此，研究人員想到可以讓調(diào)節(jié)性T細胞提前“認識”將要移植的器官,，這樣它就可以通知免疫系統(tǒng)不再發(fā)動攻擊,。研究人員對實驗鼠進行了血管移植，并提前從要移植的血管中提取出一些細胞,，將它們和一些調(diào)節(jié)性T細胞在特定條件下共同培養(yǎng),，在這些細胞彼此“熟悉”后，再將調(diào)節(jié)性T細胞注入進行血管移植的實驗鼠體內(nèi),，果然成功減少了排異反應,。
布謝爾說，現(xiàn)在一些不同的研究小組正在探索培養(yǎng)調(diào)節(jié)性T細胞的不同方式,，今后相關領域中的一個關注點將是比較哪種方式最有效,，能最大程度減少器官移植中的排異反應。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原文：
Science Translational Medicine DOI： 10.1126/scitranslmed.3002099
Functional Regulatory T Cells Produced by Inhibiting Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase Type 3 Prevent Allograft Rejection
Feng, Gang; Nadig, Satish N.; B?ckdahl, Liselotte; Beck, Stephan; Francis, Ross S.; Schiopu, Alexandru; Whatcott, Andrew; Wood, Kathryn J.; Bushell, Andrew
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) manipulated ex vivo have potential as cellular therapeutics in autoimmunity and transplantation. Although it is possibleto expand naturally occurring Tregs, an attractive alternative possibility, particularly suited to solid organ and bone marrow transplantation, is the stimulationof total T cell populations with defined allogeneic antigen-presenting cells (APCs) under conditions that lead to the generationor expansion of donor-reactive, adaptive Tregs. Here we demonstrate that stimulation of mouse CD4+ T cells by immature allogeneic dendritic cells combined with pharmacological inhibition of phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE) resultedin a functional enrichment of Foxp3+ T cells. Without further manipulation or selection, the resultant population delayed skin allograft rejection mediated bypolyclonal CD4+ effectors or donor-reactive CD8+ T cell receptor transgenic T cells and inhibited both effector cell proliferation and T cell priming for interferon-γ production.Notably, PDE inhibition also enhanced the enrichment of human Foxp3+ CD4+ T cells driven by allogeneic APCs. These cells inhibited T cell proliferation in a standard in vitro mixed lymphocyte assayand, moreover, attenuated the development of vasculopathy mediated by autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a functionallyrelevant humanized mouse transplant model. These data establish a method for the ex vivo generation of graft-reactive, functionalmouse and human Tregs that uses a clinically approved agent, making pharmacological PDE inhibition a potential strategy for Treg-based therapies.
