英國卡迪夫大學(xué)Phil Stephens教授從面頰內(nèi)膜組織培養(yǎng)出新的具有強大免疫抑制功能的口腔粘膜祖細胞,，有望用于治理治療免疫系統(tǒng)疾病。圖片來自pressmaster / Fotolia,。
來自英國卡迪夫大學(xué)牙醫(yī)學(xué)院的Phil Stephens教授領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一個研究小組,，與來自瑞典斯德哥爾摩市卡羅林斯卡研究所(Karolinska Institute)的同事們，發(fā)現(xiàn)一類新的細胞---口腔粘膜祖細胞---擁有強大地抑制免疫系統(tǒng)作用的功能,。這有可能為解決免疫系統(tǒng)疾病提供答案,。相關(guān)研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在Stem Cells and Development期刊上。
盡管人體免疫系統(tǒng)能夠抵抗很多疾病,，但是它也能夠產(chǎn)生有害的作用,。免疫系統(tǒng)能夠利用白細胞來攻擊產(chǎn)生胰島素的細胞，從而導(dǎo)致糖尿病產(chǎn)生或者導(dǎo)致身體排斥移植來的器官,。
研究小組從病人臉頰內(nèi)部提取口腔內(nèi)膜細胞(oral lining cells),，然后讓它們增殖。實驗室測試表明這些細胞即便少量存在時也能夠完全抑制白細胞。
這項突破表明面頰細胞(cheek cell)很有潛力在未來用于治療免疫系統(tǒng)相關(guān)的疾病?，F(xiàn)有的免疫系統(tǒng)研究集中在成體干細胞,，特別是來自骨髓的那些干細胞。但是這些面頰組織細胞的作用效果更為強大,。
研究小組的一個成員Lindsay Davies博士說,，“到目前為止，這些只是在實驗室中得到的結(jié)果,。我們還沒有在實驗室外再現(xiàn)這種效果,，因此根據(jù)這項研究要能夠開發(fā)出有效的治療方法仍需很多年。然而,，這些口腔內(nèi)膜細胞作用特別強大,，有望用來治療很多疾病。提取骨髓干細胞需要一種侵入性活組織檢查的步驟,，但是口腔內(nèi)膜細胞容易提取,，我們只需從口腔內(nèi)部收集小塊活組織。” (生物谷：towersimper編譯)
doi:10.1089/scd.2011.0434
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Oral Mucosal Progenitor Cells Are Potently Immunosuppressive in a Dose-Independent Manner
Lindsay C. Davies, Helena Lönnies, Matthew Locke, Berit Sundberg, Kerstin Rosendahl, Cecilia Götherström, Katarina Le Blanc, Phil Stephens
Oral mucosal lamina propria progenitor cells (OMLP-PCs) are a novel, clonally derived PC population of neural crest origin with the potential to differentiate down both mesenchymal and neuronal cell lineages. In this study we aimed to determine the immunological properties of OMLP-PCs and to establish whether they would be suitable candidates for allogeneic tissue engineering and in the treatment of immune-related diseases. OMLP-PCs demonstrated no inherent immunogenicity with insignificant expression of costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD80, CD86, CD154, and CD178) or human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II. OMLP-PCs required 7 days of stimulation with interferon-γ (IFN-γ) to induce cell surface expression of HLA II. Mixed lymphocyte cultures and mitogen stimulation demonstrated the potent immunosuppressive capability of OMLP-PCs in a contact-independent manner. Complete inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation was seen at doses as low as 0.001% OMLP-PCs to responder lymphocytes, while annexin V staining confirmed that this immunosuppressive effect was not due to the induction of lymphocyte apoptosis. These data demonstrate, for the first time, that OMLP-PC immunomodulation, unlike that for mesenchymal stem cells, occurs via a dose- and HLA II–independent mechanism by the release of immunosuppressive soluble factors and suggests these cells may have wide ranging potential in future immune-related therapies.
