5月17日,國際著名雜志Molecular Cell在線刊登了北京生命科學(xué)研究所戚益軍實(shí)驗(yàn)室的最新研究成果“Cytoplasmic Assembly and Selective Nuclear Import of Arabidopsis ARGONAUTE4/siRNA Complexes,,”,,文章中,研究者報(bào)道了擬南芥RNA介導(dǎo)DNA甲基化(RdDM)通路中,,ARGONAUTE4/siRNA復(fù)合體在細(xì)胞質(zhì)內(nèi)組裝和選擇性進(jìn)入細(xì)胞核的分子機(jī)制,。
DNA甲基化作為一種高等生物中保守的表觀遺傳修飾,在維持基因組穩(wěn)定性,,調(diào)控基因表達(dá)和介導(dǎo)轉(zhuǎn)基因沉默等生物過程中起著非常重要的作用,。RNA介導(dǎo)的DNA甲基化(RdDM)是植物從頭建立DNA甲基化的重要途徑。在該通路中,, siRNA從轉(zhuǎn)座子等重復(fù)DNA序列區(qū)域產(chǎn)生(這些siRNA被稱為heterochromatic siRNA,, hc-siRNA),并與ARGONAUTE4(AGO4)蛋白結(jié)合形成效應(yīng)復(fù)合體,。AGO4/siRNA復(fù)合體可進(jìn)一步招募DNA甲基轉(zhuǎn)移酶DRM2等組分,,特異性地識別同源DNA序列并介導(dǎo)甲基化修飾。由于hc-siRNA的產(chǎn)生和最終功能行使都在細(xì)胞核中進(jìn)行,,之前人們普遍認(rèn)為RdDM通路是一個完全發(fā)生在細(xì)胞核中的過程,。戚益軍實(shí)驗(yàn)室在對擬南芥細(xì)胞質(zhì)和細(xì)胞核中的小RNA組分進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)分析的過程中,出人意料地發(fā)現(xiàn):hc-siRNA主要存在于細(xì)胞質(zhì)中,,并且大部分以游離的雙鏈形式存在,;而在細(xì)胞核中則主要以與AGO4結(jié)合的單鏈形式存在。進(jìn)一步的細(xì)胞和生化實(shí)驗(yàn)證明:在細(xì)胞質(zhì)內(nèi),,AGO4在HSP90蛋白的幫助下結(jié)合雙鏈siRNA,,然后通過其核酸內(nèi)切酶活性切割并降解其中一條鏈,形成成熟的結(jié)合單鏈siRNA的AGO4效應(yīng)復(fù)合體,。siRNA的結(jié)合很可能導(dǎo)致AGO4構(gòu)象發(fā)生變化,,暴露出其核定位信號,細(xì)胞因此可以選擇性的識別并轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)成熟的AGO4/siRNA復(fù)合體至細(xì)胞核內(nèi),。該研究揭示了RdDM通路中AGO4/siRNA效應(yīng)復(fù)合體在細(xì)胞質(zhì)內(nèi)組裝的重要步驟,,推翻了以前人們認(rèn)為的RdDM通路完全在細(xì)胞核內(nèi)進(jìn)行的成見。該研究還表明,,細(xì)胞選擇性地轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)成熟的AGO4/siRNA復(fù)合體進(jìn)入細(xì)胞核,,很可能是RdDM通路進(jìn)入效應(yīng)階段之前的一個關(guān)鍵調(diào)控點(diǎn),。
與浙江大學(xué)聯(lián)合培養(yǎng)的博士生葉瑞強(qiáng)和博士后王偉博士為該論文的共同第一作者,論文的其他作者還有博士生劉暢和技術(shù)員吳揚(yáng),,日本國立農(nóng)業(yè)生物科學(xué)研究所的Taichiro Iki和Masayuki Ishikawa博士,,以及浙江大學(xué)的周雪平博士,。戚益軍博士為該論文的通訊作者,,該項(xiàng)研究由科技部973項(xiàng)目資助。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2012.04.013
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Cytoplasmic Assembly and Selective Nuclear Import of Arabidopsis ARGONAUTE4/siRNA Complexes
Ruiqiang Ye, Wei Wang, Taichiro Iki, Chang Liu, Yang Wu, Masayuki Ishikawa, Xueping Zhou, Yijun Qi
In plants, DNA methylation can be mediated by a class of Argonaute4 (AGO4)-associated heterochromatic siRNAs (hc-siRNAs), through a pathway termed RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM). It has been thought that RdDM is solely a nuclear process, as both the biogenesis and functioning of hc-siRNAs take place in the nucleus. In this study, we unexpectedly found that hc-siRNAs are predominantly present in the cytoplasm. We demonstrated that AGO4 is loaded with hc-siRNAs in the cytoplasm and the formation of mature AGO4/siRNA complexes requires HSP90 and the cleavage activity of AGO4. Intriguingly, siRNA binding facilitates the redistribution of AGO4 into the nucleus, likely through inducing conformational change that leads to the exposure of the nuclear localization signal (NLS). Our findings reveal an unsuspected cytoplasmic step in the RdDM pathway. We propose that selective nuclear import of mature AGO4/siRNA complexes is a key regulatory point prior to the effector stage of RdDM.