在細(xì)胞中,,不同的基因都處于沉默狀態(tài)(中間和底部),,相比正常細(xì)胞(最上面),,特殊位點(diǎn)的分泌過(guò)程開(kāi)始進(jìn)行(綠色代表開(kāi)始分泌) (Credit: Image courtesy of UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research)
近日,愛(ài)爾蘭都柏林大學(xué)和歐洲分子生物學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室(EMBL)的研究者共同努力,,揭示了人類基因組所編碼的15%的蛋白質(zhì)用于細(xì)胞來(lái)進(jìn)行分泌的過(guò)程,,這項(xiàng)研究使得我們?cè)u(píng)定超過(guò)800萬(wàn)個(gè)單獨(dú)細(xì)胞的功能成為可能。研究者Jeremy Simpson表示,這是首次對(duì)人類細(xì)胞分泌過(guò)程的一個(gè)全基因組的評(píng)估,。相關(guān)研究成果刊登在了近日的國(guó)際雜志Nature Cell Biology上。
分泌過(guò)程對(duì)于機(jī)體任何類型的細(xì)胞都是一個(gè)基礎(chǔ)的過(guò)程,,分泌過(guò)程可以使機(jī)體將激素類運(yùn)輸?shù)窖苤?,將消化酶運(yùn)輸?shù)侥c道,以及在細(xì)胞間運(yùn)輸各種信號(hào)分子等,。然而,,時(shí)至今日,由于技術(shù)限制,,并不允許科學(xué)家縱覽細(xì)胞所進(jìn)行的生產(chǎn)蛋白質(zhì),、脂質(zhì),包裝以及運(yùn)輸?shù)冗^(guò)程,。
以前關(guān)于分泌過(guò)程的研究只是基于在基因的小分子簇上或者在過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單的生物體中(如果蠅),,當(dāng)然所識(shí)別的蛋白質(zhì)和人類的并不一樣;如今,,研究者使用高內(nèi)涵篩選的方法,,可以系統(tǒng)性地以人類22000個(gè)基因?yàn)榘悬c(diǎn),并且追尋其特殊的路徑,,研究者在超過(guò)800萬(wàn)個(gè)自爆中用熒光標(biāo)記蛋白質(zhì),,然后追蹤其經(jīng)過(guò)的路徑。
研究者分析了70萬(wàn)張顯微成像圖片,,發(fā)現(xiàn)了554個(gè)影響分泌的蛋白質(zhì)以及發(fā)現(xiàn)了143個(gè)影響細(xì)胞早期分泌或者影響高爾基體形態(tài)的蛋白質(zhì),。膜運(yùn)輸途徑聯(lián)系著細(xì)胞膜和細(xì)胞器之間的溝通關(guān)系,確保細(xì)胞可以維持其蛋白質(zhì)以及脂質(zhì)的補(bǔ)充,,最終維持細(xì)胞的正常功能,。細(xì)胞的分泌系統(tǒng)有能力處理一系列的貨物分子,并且可以利用密集型的調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)器,。這項(xiàng)研究重點(diǎn)研究了細(xì)胞質(zhì)外殼蛋白復(fù)合物早期特殊的調(diào)節(jié)元件,。相關(guān)研究由愛(ài)爾蘭科學(xué)基金會(huì)支持。(生物谷Bioon.com)
編譯自:First Genome-Wide Assessment of Secretion in Human Cells
編譯者:T.Shen
doi:10.1038/ncb2510
PMC:
PMID:
Genome-wide RNAi screening identifies human proteins with a regulatory function in the early secretory pathway
Jeremy C. Simpson,1 Brigitte Joggerst,2 Vibor Laketa,2 Fatima Verissimo,2 Cihan Cetin,2 Holger Erfle,2, 6 Mariana G. Bexiga,1 Vasanth R. Singan,1 Jean-Karim Hériché,3 Beate Neumann,3 Alvaro Mateos,2 Jonathon Blake,4 Stephanie Bechtel,5 Vladimir Benes,4 Stefan Wiemann,5 Jan Ellenberg2, 3 & Rainer Pepperkok2
The secretory pathway in mammalian cells has evolved to facilitate the transfer of cargo molecules to internal and cell surface membranes. Use of automated microscopy-based genome-wide RNA interference screens in cultured human cells allowed us to identify 554 proteins influencing secretion. Cloning, fluorescent-tagging and subcellular localization analysis of 179 of these proteins revealed that more than two-thirds localize to either the cytoplasm or membranes of the secretory and endocytic pathways. The depletion of 143 of them resulted in perturbations in the organization of the COPII and/or COPI vesicular coat complexes of the early secretory pathway, or the morphology of the Golgi complex. Network analyses revealed a so far unappreciated link between early secretory pathway function, small GTP-binding protein regulation, actin cytoskeleton organization and EGF-receptor-mediated signalling. This work provides an important resource for an integrative understanding of global cellular organization and regulation of the secretory pathway in mammalian cells.