在脂肪干細胞不存在(左)和存在(右)時,腫瘤大小和膠原纖維排列,,圖片來自Claudia Fischbach-Teschl實驗室。
在進行乳房切除和其他腫瘤切除治療之后,,經(jīng)常被用于重建手術(shù)的干細胞可能也會造成危險:美國康奈爾大學生物醫(yī)學研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)這些干細胞與即便是微量的癌細胞接觸,,也能夠會產(chǎn)生一種適合更多腫瘤生長的微環(huán)境。
在這項于6月4日在線發(fā)表在PNAS期刊上的最新研究中,,研究人員所使用的干細胞來源于脂肪,,因而被稱為脂肪干細胞(adipose-derived stem cell).它們非常適合用于組織再生和重建手術(shù),這是因為它們非常好地承擔起健康組織的功能和招募新的血管來促進愈合,。
但是,,康奈爾大學研究人員觀察到癌細胞基質(zhì)---含有腫瘤細胞分泌的化學物的可溶性物質(zhì)---的存在能夠阻止脂肪干細胞按照期望中的那樣變成脂肪細胞。相反,,這種癌細胞基質(zhì)觸發(fā)這些干細胞分泌出促進血管形成的化學因子,,并觸發(fā)它們發(fā)展為肌成纖維細胞(myofibroblast),而已知肌成纖維細胞在腫瘤發(fā)展中發(fā)揮著作用,。
這些變化導(dǎo)致包圍著脂肪干細胞的胞外基質(zhì)硬化---硬化是乳腺癌的一個典型特征,。肌成纖維細胞使得使得周圍的組織變得堅硬起來,這種堅硬觸發(fā)脂肪干細胞行為發(fā)生更多的變化,,而這種變化又導(dǎo)致它們產(chǎn)生更加多的促進腫瘤發(fā)展的特征,。
在體外利用干細胞和侵襲性程度不同的乳腺癌細胞系開展的實驗中,研究人員觀察到這些變化,。他們首先收集來自腫瘤細胞的可溶性基質(zhì),,并觀察脂肪干細胞對這種基質(zhì)作出的反應(yīng)后如何發(fā)生改變。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)TGF-β和IL-8是特異性的腫瘤分泌因子,,促進這些干細胞在表型上最終變化為肌成纖維細胞。他們通過注射干細胞和腫瘤細胞到小鼠乳腺中而在體內(nèi)證實這些實驗結(jié)果,。
事實上,,肥胖的婦女更可能患上乳腺癌,這也支持這項研究中的實驗結(jié)果,。更多脂肪組織的存在意味著更多的脂肪干細胞,,因此人們可以推測更大的干細胞池可能促進腫瘤發(fā)展過程,。(生物谷:ZinFingerNase編譯)
doi:10.1073/pnas.1121160109
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Implanted adipose progenitor cells as physicochemical regulators of breast cancer
Emily M. Chandlera,1, Bo Ri Seoa,1, Joseph P. Califanoa, Roberto C. Andresen Eguiluzb, Jason S. Leea, Christine J. Yoona, David T. Timsa, James X. Wanga, Le Chengc, Sunish Mohananc, Mark R. Buckleyd, Itai Cohend, Alexander Yu Nikitinc, Rebecca M. Williamsa, Delphine Gourdonb, Cynthia A. Reinhart-Kinga, and Claudia Fischbach
Multipotent adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are increasingly used for regenerative purposes such as soft tissue reconstruction following mastectomy; however, the ability of tumors to commandeer ASC functions to advance tumor progression is not well understood. Through the integration of physical sciences and oncology approaches we investigated the capability of tumor-derived chemical and mechanical cues to enhance ASC-mediated contributions to tumor stroma formation. Our results indicate that soluble factors from breast cancer cells inhibit adipogenic differentiation while increasing proliferation, proangiogenic factor secretion, and myofibroblastic differentiation of ASCs. This altered ASC phenotype led to varied extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and contraction thereby enhancing tissue stiffness, a characteristic feature of breast tumors. Increased stiffness, in turn, facilitated changes in ASC behavior similar to those observed with tumor-derived chemical cues. Orthotopic mouse studies further confirmed the pathological relevance of ASCs in tumor progression and stiffness in vivo. In summary, altered ASC behavior can promote tumorigenesis and, thus, their implementation for regenerative therapy should be carefully considered in patients previously treated for cancer.