2012年10月23日 訊 /生物谷BIOON/ --研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)一種新的方法來將我們大腦中發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種類型的成體細胞轉(zhuǎn)化為新的人神經(jīng)元,。這項發(fā)現(xiàn)為開發(fā)出細胞療法來治療諸如阿爾茨海默病和帕金森病值來的神經(jīng)退化性疾病奠定基礎。相關研究結果于近期刊登在Cell Stem Cell期刊上。
論文通訊作者Benedikt Berninger說,,“這項研究旨在把在整個大腦都存在的除了神經(jīng)元之外的細胞轉(zhuǎn)化為神經(jīng)元。我們所考慮的最終目標是這可能有朝一日能夠讓我們在大腦內(nèi)誘導這種轉(zhuǎn)化,,因而提供一種新的策略來修復受損或患病的大腦,。”
在這項研究中,用來從一種身份轉(zhuǎn)換為另一種身份的細胞是周皮細胞(pericyte),。這些細胞與血管密切相關聯(lián),,在維持血腦屏障完整中發(fā)揮著重要作用,而且還被證實參與身體其他部分的傷口愈合,。
Berninger說,,“如今,我們推斷,,如果我們能夠靶向并誘導它們轉(zhuǎn)化為神經(jīng)細胞,,那么我們就能夠利用這種損傷反應。”
進一步測試表明這些新形成的神經(jīng)元能夠產(chǎn)生電信號,,并且延伸到其他的神經(jīng)元,,這就證實這些新形成的系細胞能夠整合進神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡之中。
研究人員寫道,,“盡管人們還需更多地了解關于在體內(nèi)利用一種直接的神經(jīng)元重編程策略進行有意義的修復方面的信息,,但是我們的研究強烈地支持這種觀點在受損大腦內(nèi)對周皮細胞來源的細胞進行神經(jīng)元重編程可能變成一種可行的方法來替換發(fā)生退化的神經(jīng)元,。”(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2012.07.007
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Reprogramming of Pericyte-Derived Cells of the Adult Human Brain into Induced Neuronal Cells
Marisa Karow, Rodrigo Sánchez, Christian Schichor, Giacomo Masserdotti, Felipe Ortega, Christophe Heinrich, Sergio Gascón, Muhammad A. Khan, D. Chichung Lie, Arianna Dellavalle, Giulio Cossu, Roland Goldbrunner, Magdalena Götz, Benedikt Berninger
Reprogramming of somatic cells into neurons provides a new approach toward cell-based therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. A major challenge for the translation of neuronal reprogramming into therapy is whether the adult human brain contains cell populations amenable to direct somatic cell conversion. Here we show that cells from the adult human cerebral cortex expressing pericyte hallmarks can be reprogrammed into neuronal cells by retrovirus-mediated coexpression of the transcription factors Sox2 and Mash1. These induced neuronal cells acquire the ability of repetitive action potential firing and serve as synaptic targets for other neurons, indicating their capability of integrating into neural networks. Genetic fate-mapping in mice expressing an inducible Cre recombinase under the tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase promoter corroborated the pericytic origin of the reprogrammed cells. Our results raise the possibility of functional conversion of endogenous cells in the adult human brain to induced neuronal fates.