2012年11月28日 訊 /生物谷BIOON/ --近日,，一項(xiàng)發(fā)表在Cell Transplantation雜志上的最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn),，當(dāng)來(lái)自骨骼肌的間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞（SM-MSCS）或脂肪組織（脂肪干細(xì)胞）的間充質(zhì)細(xì)胞注射到心肌梗死老鼠心臟肌肉后,，兩組大鼠的左心室功能經(jīng)歷了顯著改善,，細(xì)胞治療后梗塞面積更小,。
奧斯陸大學(xué)醫(yī)院干細(xì)胞研究中心和挪威奧斯陸大學(xué)的研究人員探究了是否不同器官來(lái)源的間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞會(huì)導(dǎo)致不同的功能結(jié)果,。盡管血管重建術(shù)的進(jìn)步，急性心肌梗死（AMI）及心臟衰竭的發(fā)病率和死亡率在工業(yè)化國(guó)家仍然是首要原因之一,。
AMI導(dǎo)致心臟的收縮能力永久損失,，形成纖維瘢痕。Brinchmann博士等人之所以利用耐受缺氧的骨髓間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞,，是因?yàn)檫@些細(xì)胞分泌血管生成因子能改善血管,。因此，細(xì)胞移植后它們可能有益于急性心肌梗死、慢性心臟衰竭以及心絞痛等,。
大鼠誘發(fā)心肌梗死后,，在“邊界區(qū)”和免疫缺陷的心肌梗死區(qū)域注射一周后，研究人員用超聲心動(dòng)圖測(cè)定心臟功能,，衡量健康心肌組織,、疤痕部位的血管密度和大小。一個(gè)星期后,，結(jié)果表明心肌內(nèi)注射脂肪干細(xì)胞和SM-骨髓間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞,，AMI導(dǎo)致梗死面積大幅減少，左心室功能顯著改善,。（生物谷：Bioon.com）
doi:10.3727/096368911X627462
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Intramyocardial Injections of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Following Acute Myocardial Infarction Modulate Scar Formation and Improve Left Ventricular Function
Beitnes, J. Oie, E.; Shahdadfar, A.; Karlsen, T.; Müller, R. M. B.; Aakhus, S.; Reinholt, F. P.; Brinchmann, J. E
Cell therapy is a promising treatment modality to improve heart function in acute myocardial infarction. However, the mechanisms of action and the most suitable cell type have not been finally determined. We performed a study to compare the effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) harvested from different tissues on LV function and explore their effects on tissue structure by morphometry and histological staining for species and lineage relationship. MSCs from skeletal muscle (SM-MSCs) and adipose tissue (ADSCs) were injected in the myocardium of nude rats 1 week after myocardial infarction. After 4 weeks of observation, LVEF was significantly improved in the SM-MSCs group (39.1%) and in the ADSC group (39.6%), compared to the placebo group (31.0%, p < 0.001 for difference in change between groups). Infarct size was smaller after cell therapy (16.3% for SM-MSCs, 15.8% for ADSCs vs. 26.0% for placebo, p < 0.001), and the amount of highly vascularized granulation tissue in the border zone was significantly increased in both groups receiving MSCs (18.3% for SM-MSCs, 22.6% for ADSCs vs. 13.1% for placebo, p = 0.001). By in situ hybridization, moderate engraftment of transplanted cells was found, but no transdifferentiation to cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, or smooth muscle cells was observed. We conclude that MSC injections lead to improved LVEF after AMI in rats predominantly by reduction of infarct size. After 4 weeks, we observed modulation of scar formation with significant increase in granulation tissue. Transdifferentiation of MSCs to cardiomyocytes or vascular cells did not contribute significantly in this process. MSCs from skeletal muscle and adipose tissue had similar effects.
