來自日本理化研究所過敏與免疫學研究中心的研究人員報道,,他們首次成功地利用誘導性多能干細胞(induced pluripotent stem cells, iPS細胞)構建出癌癥特異性的被稱作殺傷性T淋巴細胞的免疫系統(tǒng)細胞,。為了構建出這些殺傷性細胞,,他們首先不得不將專門從事于殺死某種類型癌癥的T淋巴細胞重編程為iPS細胞,然后這些iPS細胞產(chǎn)生完全有活性的癌癥特異性的T淋巴細胞,。這些利用iPS細胞再生的淋巴細胞在未來可能潛在地被用來治療癌癥,。相關研究結果于2013年1月3日發(fā)表在Cell Stem Cell期刊上,論文標題為"Regeneration of Human Tumor Antigen-Specific T Cells from iPSCs Derived from Mature CD8+ T Cells"。
之前的研究已證實利用常規(guī)方法在實驗室產(chǎn)生的殺傷性T淋巴細胞不能有效地殺死癌細胞,,主要原因在于它們的壽命非常短,,這就限制使用它們來治療癌癥。
為了克服這些問題,,在研究員Hiroshi Kawamoto博士的領導下,,日本研究人員將成熟的殺傷性T淋巴細胞重編程為iPS細胞,并研究這些細胞如何發(fā)生分化,。研究人員通過加入四種轉錄因子Oct-3/4,、SOX2、c-Myc和Klf4而將能夠特異性地殺死某種類型皮膚癌的殺傷性T淋巴細胞重編程為iPS細胞,。這四種轉錄因子能夠誘導細胞返回到一種非特化的多能性狀態(tài),。這些iPS細胞然后在實驗室培養(yǎng),經(jīng)誘導后能夠再次分化為殺傷性T淋巴細胞,。他們證實這些新形成的T淋巴細胞能夠與原始的淋巴細胞一樣對相同類型的皮膚癌是特異性的:它們在它們的表面上表達癌癥特異性的受體,。他們還證實這些新形成的T淋巴細胞是有活性的,而且能夠產(chǎn)生抗腫瘤的化合物干擾素γ,。
Kawamoto博士解釋道,,"我們通過產(chǎn)生iPS細胞并讓它們再次分化為功能性的T細胞而成功地擴增抗原特異性的T細胞。下一步就是測試這些T細胞是否能夠選擇性地殺死腫瘤細胞而不是體內的其他細胞,。如果確實如此的話,,那么這些細胞可能直接被注射到病人體內來治療癌癥。這可能在不太遠的未來成為現(xiàn)實,。"(生物谷Bioon.com)
DOI:10.1016/j.stem.2012.12.006
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Regeneration of Human Tumor Antigen-Specific T Cells from iPSCs Derived from Mature CD8+ T Cells
Raul Vizcardo, Kyoko Masuda, Daisuke Yamada, Tomokatsu Ikawa, Kanako Shimizu, Shin-ichiro Fujii, Haruhiko Koseki, Hiroshi Kawamoto
Antigen-specific T cells represent a potential therapeutic avenue for a variety of conditions, but current approaches for generating such cells for therapeutic purposes are limited. In this study, we established iPSCs from mature cytotoxic T cells specific for the melanoma epitope MART-1. When cocultured with OP9/DLL1 cells, these iPSCs efficiently generated TCRβ+CD4+CD8+ double positive (DP) cells expressing a T cell receptor (TCR) specific for the MART-1 epitope. Stimulation of these DP cells with anti-CD3 antibody generated a large number of CD8+ T cells, and more than 90% of the resulting cells were specific for the original MART-1 epitope. Stimulation of the CD8+ T cells with MART-1 antigen-presenting cells led to the secretion of IFN, demonstrating their specific reactivity. The present study therefore illustrates an approach for cloning and expanding functional antigen-specific CD8+ T cells that might be applicable in cell-based therapy of cancer.