中文摘要：
主要概括磷酸酶的種類,，原核細胞磷酸組氨酸生物功能及調(diào)控,，哺乳動物組氨酸殘基磷酸化、去磷酸化,，以及組氨酸磷酸酶及其底物的最新研究進展. 信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)在生長發(fā)育及細胞功能中起極其重要的作用. 無論在原核還是真核細胞,，蛋白質(zhì)磷酸化是細胞內(nèi)信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)的關(guān)鍵機制. 研究最多的可逆的真核蛋白磷酸化，主要發(fā)生在含有羥基的絲氨酸,、蘇氨酸和酪氨酸殘基上. 不同的激酶和磷酸酶受不同機制的調(diào)節(jié),，而調(diào)節(jié)過程中出現(xiàn)的差異是人類很多疾病的潛在基礎(chǔ). 與大量有關(guān)羥基磷酸化氨基酸的報道相比，有關(guān)氨基磷酸化氨基酸的報道甚少. 據(jù)估計,，自然界中存在的磷酸組氨酸比磷酸酪氨酸多10 ~ 100倍,，但不如磷酸絲氨酸豐富. 雖然對脊椎動物蛋白質(zhì)中存在磷酸組氨酸的認識可以追溯到20世紀60年代初, 但由于研究手段的限制，至今對脊椎動物蛋白組氨酸激酶及組氨酸磷酸酶的結(jié)構(gòu)及功能知之甚少. 但是,，近幾年的研究有突破性的發(fā)現(xiàn),，克隆和重組表達哺乳動物組氨酸磷酸酶為研究氨基磷酸化氨基酸的生物功能翻開新的一章.
英文摘要：
Signal transduction is vitally important for development and cell survival of all animals. Most of signaling processes involve phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of amino acid residues in proteins. The kinases and phosphatases involved in signaling processes are regulated by different mechanisms. So far, the studies on protein phosphorylation almost exclusively limited to protein serine/threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation, phosphorylation of histidine has only been sparsely reported. However, phosphorylation of histidine residues has been extensively studied in prokaryotes. It is estimated that histidine phosphorylation may account for 6% of total protein phosphorylation in eukaryotes, 10- to-100-fold more than phosphotyrosine, though less abundant than phosphoserine. Although the presence of phosphohistidine in vertebrate protein was described as early as in the 1960s, accumulated knowledge in vertebrates so far is still limited to O-phosphates. The protein phosphatases were introduced, and the knowledge on the key mechanisms of the bacterial two-component system was summarized. Most importantly, novel mechanisms of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of histidine residues are described. Finally, the recent studies about histidine phosphatases are discussed.
附件1下載: 20051223090726.pdf
