來自約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院McKusick-Nathans遺傳醫(yī)學(xué)研究所(McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine),,賓州大學(xué)獸醫(yī)學(xué)院(School of Veterinary Medicine)等處的研究人員揭開了為什么癌癥中最常見的活性蛋白如此之危險的又一原因——他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這種稱為Myc的蛋白能抑制體內(nèi)至少13種microRNAs的生成,,這一研究成果公布在Nature Genetics在線版上。
這項研究由McKusick-Nathans遺傳醫(yī)學(xué)研究所的副教授Joshua Mendell博士領(lǐng)導(dǎo)完成,,之前他曾發(fā)現(xiàn)Myc可以開啟淋巴瘤細(xì)胞(lymphoma cells,,生物谷注)中一類稱為miR-17-92的miRNAs簇(能促進(jìn)生長)這一特殊群體。現(xiàn)在他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)其團(tuán)隊與賓州大學(xué)Andrei Thomas-Tikhonenko實驗室合作,,利用一種更廣泛的方法,,分析人類和小鼠淋巴瘤細(xì)胞中300多個miRNAs。
微小RNA (microRNA,,簡稱miRNA)是生物體內(nèi)源長度約為20-23個核苷酸的非編碼小RNA,,通過與靶mRNA的互補(bǔ)配對而在轉(zhuǎn)錄后水平上對基因的表達(dá)進(jìn)行負(fù)調(diào)控,導(dǎo)致mRNA的降解或翻譯抑制,。對于miRNAs的研究起始于時序調(diào)控小RNA(stRNAs),,由于miRNAs在物種進(jìn)化中相當(dāng)保守,在植物,、動物和真菌中發(fā)現(xiàn)的miRNAs只在特定的組織和發(fā)育階段表達(dá),,而且這種特異性和時序性,決定了組織和細(xì)胞的功能特異性,,表明miRNA在細(xì)胞生長和發(fā)育過程的調(diào)節(jié)過程中起多種作用,,因此miRNA的研究受到了生物學(xué)家的廣泛關(guān)注。
在這篇文章中,,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)Myc蛋白通過抑制miRNAs的生成從而引發(fā)癌癥發(fā)生,,而且他們也在幾個實驗中證明,重新將被抑制的miRNAs引入到包含Myc的癌癥細(xì)胞中,能抑制小鼠的腫瘤生長,,并且提升了一種基因治療方法的治療效果,。
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)在Myc蛋白含量高的細(xì)胞中,至少13種miRNAs的數(shù)量有顯著的改變,,文章第一作者Tsung-Cheng Chang表示:“結(jié)合miR-17-92實驗數(shù)據(jù),,這一結(jié)果是令人驚訝的——Myc的作用是關(guān)閉,而不是開啟,。”
當(dāng)他們進(jìn)一步深入研究淋巴瘤細(xì)胞的DNA的時候,,研究團(tuán)隊也發(fā)現(xiàn)Myc能直接與miRNA基因處的DNA結(jié)合,Chang說,,“這是進(jìn)一步的證據(jù)證明miRNAs水平降低的直接原因是Myc,。”
Mendell表示,“這項研究延伸了我們對于Myc作為這樣一種潛在癌癥促進(jìn)蛋白的理解”,,“我們已經(jīng)知道Myc可以直接調(diào)控數(shù)以千計的基因,,而在這里,Myc通過對miRNAs的作用,,也許可以影響其它更多的基因,,因此Myc的活性可以說十分復(fù)雜的調(diào)控了癌細(xì)胞種基因的表達(dá)。”
Thomas-Tikhonenko補(bǔ)充道,,“當(dāng)然,,我們?nèi)匀恍枰_定這些Myc調(diào)控的miRNAs是否直接在癌癥扮演了重要的角色”,他的研究團(tuán)隊單獨又將一些受抑制的miRNAs引人到Myc表達(dá)量高的小鼠淋巴瘤中,,檢測效果,,結(jié)果他們發(fā)現(xiàn)超過5種的miRNAs能抑制癌癥生長,“雖然這些結(jié)果并不完全出乎意料,,但是我們還不知道通過miRNAs抑制癌癥的效果是如此之強(qiáng)大”,。Mendell也提到基于RNA的治療在動物模型中獲得了一些成功,研究人員也許將來能發(fā)現(xiàn)許多能抑制癌癥的miRNAs,。
原始出處:
Nature Genetics
Published online: 9 December 2007 | doi:10.1038/ng.2007.30
Widespread microRNA repression by Myc contributes to tumorigenesis
Tsung-Cheng Chang1,7, Duonan Yu2,7, Yun-Sil Lee1, Erik A Wentzel1, Dan E Arking1,3, Kristin M West1, Chi V Dang3,4, Andrei Thomas-Tikhonenko2 & Joshua T Mendell1,5,6
Abstract
The c-Myc oncogenic transcription factor (Myc) is pathologically activated in many human malignancies. Myc is known to directly upregulate a pro-tumorigenic group of microRNAs (miRNAs) known as the miR-17–92 cluster. Through the analysis of human and mouse models of B cell lymphoma, we show here that Myc regulates a much broader set of miRNAs than previously anticipated. Unexpectedly, the predominant consequence of activation of Myc is widespread repression of miRNA expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation reveals that much of this repression is likely to be a direct result of Myc binding to miRNA promoters. We further show that enforced expression of repressed miRNAs diminishes the tumorigenic potential of lymphoma cells. These results demonstrate that extensive reprogramming of the miRNA transcriptome by Myc contributes to tumorigenesis.
McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Correspondence to: Joshua T Mendell1,5,6 e-mail: [email protected]
Correspondence to: Andrei Thomas-Tikhonenko2 e-mail: [email protected]