2012年11月29日訊 /生物谷BIOON/ -- 果蠅翅膀中可能藏有揭示正常細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榘┘?xì)胞的過程中所涉及一系列遺傳和分子事件的鑰匙,。
由ICREA研究員Marco Milan領(lǐng)導(dǎo),、巴塞羅那生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究所(IRB)科學(xué)家們參與的一項(xiàng)研究,,在果蠅中重現(xiàn)了一個(gè)健康的細(xì)胞發(fā)生癌變時(shí)所發(fā)生的每一個(gè)步驟,。從而,,研究人員現(xiàn)在提供了一種廉價(jià)有效的模型,,將允許科學(xué)界審視細(xì)胞癌變每一個(gè)步驟中所涉及的基因和分子,。鑒于在果蠅,、小鼠,、人類中,,絕大多數(shù)基因是保守的,,該項(xiàng)研究的成果可能引導(dǎo)研究人員在更多的臨床相關(guān)模型中開展類似的研究,。
相關(guān)的研究陳國已于本周在線發(fā)表于《美國科學(xué)院院報(bào)》(PNAS)雜志上。
文章的第一作者,、阿根廷科學(xué)家、Milan Lab研究員Andres Dekanty解釋稱:“我們首次有了一個(gè)遺傳模型,,使我們能夠理解癌變過程中所發(fā)生的事件,,從細(xì)胞中基因組錯(cuò)誤的積累,直到一個(gè)腫瘤的形成,。”
Milan團(tuán)隊(duì)首先從果蠅翅膀上一類細(xì)胞中耐人尋味的基因組不穩(wěn)定性出發(fā),,這類細(xì)胞具有異常的染色體數(shù)目(aneuploidy,非整倍體)。隨后,,他們阻止這些細(xì)胞屈從于細(xì)胞中的天然防御機(jī)制,,使這些細(xì)胞能夠存活下去。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),,這些細(xì)胞在整個(gè)組織中擴(kuò)散,,變得具有流動(dòng)性,同時(shí)激活鄰近細(xì)胞的增長,,并降解了固定這些細(xì)胞的基底膜,,使細(xì)胞掙脫了束縛,甚至侵入了周圍的組織,。
“所有這些事件,,正如我們?cè)诎┌Y中所觀察到的一樣。這種果蠅模型,,將有助于我們確定參與上皮細(xì)胞脫落(delamination,,分層)、運(yùn)動(dòng),、生長異常,、基底細(xì)胞的退化、侵襲的基因和分子,,”Milan說道,。
“該項(xiàng)研究使我們能夠提出一些尚未深入研究但現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該認(rèn)真考慮的事情?;蚪M不穩(wěn)定性是腫瘤發(fā)生的原因,?”Milan說道。
基因組不穩(wěn)定性是導(dǎo)致癌癥的一個(gè)原因嗎,?
在所有人類癌癥中的細(xì)胞,,均顯示出相當(dāng)程度的基因組不穩(wěn)定性。這些細(xì)胞的基因組中充滿了錯(cuò)誤,。“如果我們能證明這種直接相關(guān)性,,我們將可以開展一些非常具體的工作,來找出準(zhǔn)確的目標(biāo),。非整倍體細(xì)胞不存在于健康的組織中,。如果我們能鑒定出基因組不穩(wěn)定性細(xì)胞與正常細(xì)胞的區(qū)別,我們可能能能夠找出具體的療法,,”Dekanty說道,。
目前,癌癥療法旨在減緩細(xì)胞的增殖或分裂,。而細(xì)胞分裂,,在所有癌變細(xì)胞及正常細(xì)胞中均是一個(gè)重要的事件。因此,相關(guān)的療法總是有許多副作用,。目前還沒有藥物能夠攻擊基因組不穩(wěn)定的細(xì)胞,,如果我們能明顯地將2者區(qū)分,那么我們就有希望找到特異靶向它們的藥物,。(生物谷bioon.com)
編譯自:Newly Created Fly to Study How a Normal Cell Turns Cancerous
doi:10.1073/pnas.1206675109
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Aneuploidy-induced delaminating cells drive tumorigenesis in Drosophila epithelia
Andrés Dekanty, Lara Barrio, Mariana Muzzopappa, Herbert Auer, and Marco Milán
Abstract:Genomic instability has been observed in essentially all sporadic carcinomas. Here we use Drosophila epithelial cells to address the role of chromosomal instability in cancer development as they have proved useful for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying tumorigenic growth. We first show that chromosomal instability leads to an apoptotic response. Interestingly, this response is p53 independent, as opposed to mammalian cells, and depends on the activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling cascade. When prevented from undergoing programmed cell death (PCD), chromosomal instability induces neoplasic overgrowth. These tumor-like tissues are able to grow extensively and metastasize when transplanted into the abdomen of adult hosts. Detailed analysis of the tumors allows us to identify a delaminating cell population as the critical one in driving tumorigenesis. Cells loose their apical–basal polarity, mislocalize DE-cadherin, and delaminate from the main epithelium. A JNK-dependent transcriptional program is activated specifically in delaminating cells and drives nonautonomous tissue overgrowth, basement membrane degradation, and invasiveness. These findings unravel a general and rapid tumorigenic potential of genomic instability, as opposed to its proposed role as a source of mutability to select specific tumor-prone aneuploid cells, and open unique avenues toward the understanding of the role of genomic instability in human cancer