來自南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué),、江蘇省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院,、中國(guó)水稻研究中心等處的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)可以影響水稻品質(zhì),提高水稻產(chǎn)量的新基因,,有望將其應(yīng)用于培育新的水稻品種,。這一研究成果發(fā)表在《美國(guó)科學(xué)院院刊》(PNAS)上。
來自南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)的張紅生教授,、中科院遺傳與發(fā)育研究所的李家洋院士以及中國(guó)水稻研究所的錢前教授為這篇論文的共同通訊作者,。
隨著世界人口的不斷增長(zhǎng),,人類對(duì)于谷物的需求將進(jìn)一步加大。據(jù)預(yù)測(cè)到2025年,,世界人口將激增到89億,,而糧食產(chǎn)量必須比現(xiàn)在增產(chǎn)50%以上,才能滿足迅速增長(zhǎng)的人口需求,。水稻是最重要的糧食作物之一,。全球約有60%的人口以大米為主食,因此增加水稻產(chǎn)量對(duì)世界,,尤其對(duì)我國(guó)糧食安全至關(guān)重要,。
粒重、穗數(shù)和每穗粒數(shù)是決定水稻產(chǎn)量的三大要素,。當(dāng)每穗粒數(shù)和穗數(shù)達(dá)到理想水平時(shí),,改良粒重對(duì)于在水稻選育中進(jìn)一步提高產(chǎn)量起重要的作用。粒重是由粒長(zhǎng),、粒寬和粒厚所決定,,它們都是多基因控制的數(shù)量性狀。迄今為止,,研究人員利用RFLP,、RAPD、AFLP,、SSR等分子標(biāo)記定位了一些控制粒重和粒形的數(shù)量性狀位點(diǎn)(Quantitative trait locus,,QTL),但鑒于粒重基因群的復(fù)雜性和分子技術(shù)的局限,,精細(xì)定位并克隆的基因極少,。
在這篇文章中,研究人員克隆并確定了一個(gè)重要的等位基因qGL3的功能特征,,這一基因有可能編碼了一個(gè)具有Kelch重復(fù)域的蛋白磷酸酶OsPPKL1,。此外,他們還在水稻基因組中發(fā)現(xiàn)了OsPPKL1的兩個(gè)同系物:OsPPKL2和OsPPKL3,。轉(zhuǎn)基因研究表明OsPPKL1和OsPPKL3的功能是充當(dāng)粒長(zhǎng)的負(fù)調(diào)控子,,而OsPPKL2則是充當(dāng)正調(diào)控子。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)Kelch結(jié)構(gòu)域是OsPPKL1發(fā)揮生物功能的必要條件,。通過在OsPPKL1第二Kelch結(jié)構(gòu)域一個(gè)保守的AVLDT 基序(motif)上引入天冬氨酸與谷氨酸置換,,qGL3可導(dǎo)致長(zhǎng)谷粒表型。田間試驗(yàn)表明應(yīng)用qGL3等位基因可以通過影響粒長(zhǎng),、粒重和籽粒充實(shí)度,,從而顯著提高近交和雜交水稻品種的產(chǎn)量。
新研究確定了一個(gè)可對(duì)水稻粒長(zhǎng)和粒重產(chǎn)生巨大影響的等位基因qGL3,,這一研究發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)于培育新的優(yōu)良品種,,大大提高水稻產(chǎn)量具有重要的意義,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1219776110
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PMID:
Rare allele of OsPPKL1 associated with grain length causes extra-large grain and a significant yield increase in rice
Xiaojun Zhanga,1, Jianfei Wanga,1, Ji Huanga,1, Hongxia Lana, Cailin Wangb, Congfei Yina, Yunyu Wua, Haijuan Tanga, Qian Qianc,2, Jiayang Lid,2, and Hongsheng Zhanga,2
Grain size and shape are important components determining rice grain yield, and they are controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Here, we report the cloning and functional characterization of a major grain length QTL, qGL3, which encodes a putative protein phosphatase with Kelch-like repeat domain (OsPPKL1). We found a rare allele qgl3 that leads to a long grain phenotype by an aspartate-to-glutamate transition in a conserved AVLDT motif of the second Kelch domain in OsPPKL1. The rice genome has other two OsPPKL1 homologs, OsPPKL2 and OsPPKL3. Transgenic studies showed that OsPPKL1 and OsPPKL3 function as negative regulators of grain length, whereas OsPPKL2 as a positive regulator. The Kelch domains are essential for the OsPPKL1 biological function. Field trials showed that the application of the qgl3 allele could significantly increase grain yield in both inbred and hybrid rice varieties, due to its favorable effect on grain length, filling, and weight.