來自芝加哥大學、中國醫(yī)學科學院基礎醫(yī)學研究所,、中科院等處的研究人員,在新研究中揭示了蛋白激酶IKK抑制腫瘤壞死因子(TNFα)誘導細胞凋亡的分子機制,相關論文“Inactivation of BAD by IKK Inhibits TNFα-Induced Apoptosis Independently of NF-kB Activation”發(fā)表在1月17號的《細胞》(Cell)雜志上,。
領導這一研究的是癌癥研究及細胞信號轉(zhuǎn)導研究領域的杰出科學家林安寧(Anning Lin)教授,,其現(xiàn)為美國芝加哥大學Ben May 癌癥研究所終身教授,中科院上海生科院生化與細胞所所長,。其在JNK通路及IKK-NF-kB 通路的功能和調(diào)控領域做出了重要的貢獻,,迄今發(fā)表論文70余篇。
腫瘤壞死因子(TNF)是一類具有多種生物效應的細胞因子,,它通過和細胞膜上的特異性的受體結(jié)合,,實現(xiàn)促進細胞生長,分化,,調(diào)亡及誘發(fā)炎癥等生物學效應,。TNF-α屬于TNF家族,可以激活Caspase蛋白酶,、JNK和轉(zhuǎn)錄因子NF-kB三條信號通路,,實現(xiàn)其細胞毒性,抗病毒,,免疫調(diào)節(jié)和細胞凋亡等生物學功能,。由于TNF-α與細胞自穩(wěn)和許多人類疾病,如腫瘤等直接相關,,有關TNF-α信號通路的研究成為近十年生物醫(yī)學研究領域的熱點,。
IKK復合體(IB kinase complex)是免疫反應、炎癥,、細胞存活和腫瘤形成的一個重要調(diào)控因子,。近年來的研究證實,IKK復合體的活性調(diào)控涉及多種復雜的機制,,尤其是在NF-kB的信號轉(zhuǎn)導通路調(diào)節(jié)中起非常重要的作用,。IKK可通過激活NF-kB,借助NF-kB靶基因產(chǎn)物抑制caspases,,防止長時間的JNK激活,,從而發(fā)揮促存活功能。
在這篇文章中,,研究人員證實在不激活NF-kB的情況下,,IKK可通過失活BH3-only蛋白BAD抑制TNFα誘導的凋亡。相比于RelA和cRel雙缺失小鼠胚胎成纖維細胞(MEFs),,用TNFα處理的Ikkβ缺失MEFs其凋亡速度明顯更快,,其原因在于缺乏IKK對BAD的抑制。研究人員證實,,IKK通過在serine-26 (Ser26)位點磷酸化BAD而使之預備失活,。消除Ser26磷酸化可以提高BAD促凋亡活性,,加速培養(yǎng)細胞TNFα誘導的凋亡,增加動物的死亡率,。
這些結(jié)果表明IKK通過了兩種不同但相互協(xié)作的機制,,即激活存活因子NF-B和失活促凋亡BAD蛋白,抑制了TNFα誘導的凋亡,。
doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.12.021
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Inactivation of BAD by IKK Inhibits TNFα-Induced Apoptosis Independently of NF-B Activation
Jie Yan, Jialing Xiang, Yutin Lin, Jingui Ma, Jiyan Zhang,Hao Zhang, Jisheng Sun, Nika N. Danial, Jing Liu and Anning Lin
The IB kinase complex (IKK) is a key regulator of immune responses, inflammation, cell survival, and tumorigenesis. The prosurvival function of IKK centers on activation of the transcription factor NF-B, whose target gene products inhibit caspases and prevent prolonged JNK activation. Here, we report that inactivation of the BH3-only protein BAD by IKK independently of NF-B activation suppresses TNFα-induced apoptosis. TNFα-treated Ikkβ/ mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) undergo apoptosis significantly faster than MEFs deficient in both RelA and cRel due to lack of inhibition of BAD by IKK. IKK phosphorylates BAD at serine-26 (Ser26) and primes it for inactivation. Elimination of Ser26 phosphorylation promotes BAD proapoptotic activity, thereby accelerating TNFα-induced apoptosis in cultured cells and increasing mortality in animals. Our results reveal that IKK inhibits TNFα-induced apoptosis through two distinct but cooperative mechanisms: activation of the survival factor NF-B and inactivation of the proapoptotic BH3-only BAD protein.