昨日,，記者從華西醫(yī)院獲悉：從我市川大華西醫(yī)院走出去的訪美女教授肖翠英作為第一作者在今年3月出版的國(guó)際著名權(quán)威學(xué)術(shù)雜志《細(xì)胞》上發(fā)表了最新研究結(jié)果，認(rèn)為遺傳性乳腺癌病因與X染色體失活無(wú)關(guān),。該顛覆性觀點(diǎn)的提出不僅震驚世界,，而且也為治療乳腺癌帶來(lái)新的希望,。
“該觀點(diǎn)的提出，為如何治療乳腺癌確立了新的方向”,，國(guó)內(nèi)著名遺傳學(xué)家,、華西醫(yī)院教授張思仲告訴記者。據(jù)張教授介紹,，乳腺癌是嚴(yán)重威脅女性健康的腫瘤,，它是女性中最常見(jiàn)的癌癥之一，其致死率僅次于肺癌,，占女性癌癥死亡原因的第二位,。在乳腺癌的發(fā)病中，遺傳因素起了重要作用：經(jīng)過(guò)專家對(duì)我國(guó)乳腺癌患者統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示,，10% 患者為遺傳性,，40% 的患者為家族性，并且90%的乳腺癌合并卵巢癌是由乳腺癌易感基因BRCA1突變?cè)斐伞?/p>
目前醫(yī)學(xué)的傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為,，乳腺癌系X染色體失去活性所致,。但川大華西醫(yī)院訪問(wèn)學(xué)者肖翠英等根據(jù)她們?cè)诿绹?guó)國(guó)立衛(wèi)生研究院和加州大學(xué)舊金山分校的最新研究結(jié)果，提出了自己的不同觀點(diǎn),，認(rèn)為乳腺癌與X染色體無(wú)關(guān),；而且還發(fā)現(xiàn)常用化療藥物合并染色體異常抑制劑可以有效殺傷BRCA1突變的乳腺癌細(xì)胞。該發(fā)現(xiàn)隨后在國(guó)際著名的權(quán)威學(xué)術(shù)雜志《細(xì)胞》上發(fā)表,，并震驚整個(gè)醫(yī)學(xué)界,，從而給乳腺癌的治療帶來(lái)了新的希望。
據(jù)悉，肖翠英是華西醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)遺傳研究室的教授,，2004年到美國(guó)國(guó)立衛(wèi)生研究院和加州大學(xué)舊金山分校作訪問(wèn)學(xué)者,，期滿后，因她正在進(jìn)行的研究工作尚未完結(jié)且有重要發(fā)現(xiàn),，故特地向華西醫(yī)院申請(qǐng)延長(zhǎng)訪問(wèn)研究時(shí)間,，經(jīng)醫(yī)院同意后繼續(xù)在美國(guó)從事研究，最近在《細(xì)胞》以第一作者位置發(fā)表的學(xué)術(shù)論文是她在美國(guó)研究所取得的重要成績(jī),。
部分英文原文：
Copyright © 2007 Cell Press. All rights reserved.
Cell, Vol 128, 977-989, 09 March 2007
Matters Arising
The XIST Noncoding RNA Functions Independently of BRCA1 in X Inactivation
Cuiying Xiao,1,7 Judith A. Sharp,2,7 Misako Kawahara,3 Albert R. Davalos,3 Michael J. Difilippantonio,4 Ying Hu,5 Wenmei Li,1 Liu Cao,1 Ken Buetow,5 Thomas Ried,4 Brian P. Chadwick,6 Chu-Xia Deng,1, and Barbara Panning2,
1 Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 10/9N105, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
2 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
3 Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
4 Section of Cancer Genomics, Genetics Branch/CCR, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Room 1408, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
5 NCI Center for Bioinformatics, Laboratory of Population Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Room 116, 8424 Helgerman Court, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
6 Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Durham, NC 27710, USA
Corresponding author
Chu-Xia Deng
[email protected]
Corresponding author
Barbara Panning
[email protected]
Summary
Females with germline mutations in BRCA1 are predisposed to develop breast and ovarian cancers. A previous report indicated that BRCA1 colocalizes with and is necessary for the correct localization of XIST, a noncoding RNA that coats the inactive X chromosome (Xi) to mediate formation of facultative heterochromatin. A model emerged from this study suggesting that loss of BRCA1 in female cells could reactivate genes on the Xi through loss of the XIST RNA. However, our independent studies of BRCA1 and XIST RNA revealed little evidence to support this model. We report that BRCA1 is not enriched on XIST RNA-coated chromatin of the Xi. Neither mutation nor depletion of BRCA1 causes significant changes in XIST RNA localization or X-linked gene expression. Together, these results do not support a role for BRCA1 in promoting XIST RNA localization to the Xi or regulating XIST-dependent functions in maintaining the stability of facultative heterochromatin
英文全文鏈接：http://www.cell.com/content/article/fulltext?uid=PIIS0092867407001791
